70 



HISTORICAL PALEONTOLOGY. 



The concentrically-laminated mass of Eozobn is composed 

 of numerous calcareous layers, representing the original skele- 

 ton of the organism (fig. 23, h). These calcareous layers serve 



to separate and de- 

 fine a series of cham- 

 bers arranged in suc- 

 cessive tiers, one 

 above the other (fig. 

 23, A, B, C) ; and 

 they are perjforated 

 not only by passages 

 (fig. 23, r), which 

 serve to place suc- 

 cessive tiers of cham- 

 bers in communica- 

 tion, but also by a 

 system of delicate 

 branching canals (fig. 

 23, d). Moreover, 

 the central and prin- 

 cipal portion of each 

 calcareous layer, with 

 the ramified canal- 

 system just spoken 

 of, is bounded both above and below by a thin lamina which has 

 a structure of its own, and which may be regarded as the proper 

 shell-wall (fig. 23, a a). This proper wall forms the actual lin- 

 ing of the chambers, as well as the outer surface of the whole 

 mass ; and it is perforated with numerous fine vertical tubes 

 (fig. 24, a a), opening into the chambers and on to the sur- 

 face by corresponding fine pores. From the resemblance of 

 this tubulated layer to similar structures in the shell of the 

 Nummulite, it is often spoken of as the " Nummuline layer." 

 The chambers are sometimes piled up one above the other in 

 an irregular manner ; but they are more commonly arranged 

 in regular tiers, the separate chambers being marked ofi" from 

 one another by projections of the wall in the form of parti- 

 tions, which are so far imperfect as to allow of a free communi- 

 cation between contiguous chambers. In the original condi- 

 tion of the organism, all these chambers, of course, must have 

 been filled with living matter; but they are found in the present 

 state of the fossil to be generally filled with some silicate, such 

 as serpentine, which not only fills the actual chambers, but has 

 also penetrated the minute tubes of the proper wall and the 

 branching canals of the intermediate skeleton. In some cases 



" b 



Fig. 23. — Diagram of a portion of Eozoon cut verti- 

 cally. A, B, C, Three tiers of chambers communicating 

 with one another by slightly constricted apertures : a a, 

 The true shell-%s-all, perforated by numerous delicate 

 tubes; b b, The main calcareous skeleton ("intermedi- 

 ate skeleton"); c. Passage of communication ("stolon- 

 passage ")from one tier of chambers to another ; d. Rami- 

 fying tubes in the calcareous skeleton. (After Car- 

 penter.) 



