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HISTORICAL PALEONTOLOGY. 



Fig. 114. — Transparent slice of Carbon- 

 iferous Limestone, from Spergen Hill, In- 

 diana, U.S., showing numerous shells of 

 Endotkyra {Rotalia), Baileyi slightly en- 

 larged. (Original.) 



associated with the limestones throughout the Lower Carbon- 

 iferous series. One of the most interesting of the British Car- 

 boniferous forms is the Sac- 

 cammina of Mr Henry Brady, 

 which is sometimes present in 

 considerable numbers in the 

 limestones of Northumberland, 

 Cumberland, and the west 

 of Scotland, and which is con- 

 spicuous for the comparatively 

 large size of its spheroidal or 

 pear - shaped shell (reaching 

 from an eighth to a fifth of an 

 inch in size). IMore widely dis- 

 tributed are the generally spin- 

 dle-shaped shells of Fusidiiia 

 (fig. 115), which occur in vast 

 numbers in the Carboniferous 

 Limestone of Russia, Arme- 

 nia, the Southern Alps, and 

 Spain, similar forms occurring in equal profusion in the higher 

 limestones which are found in the Coal-measures of the United 



States, in Ohio, Illinois, 

 Indiana, Missouri, &c. Mr 

 Henry Brady, lastly, has 

 shown that we have in the 

 Ninnmiilina pristina of the 

 Carboniferous Limestone of 

 Namur a genuine Niwimu- 

 iite, precursor of the great and important family of the Tertiary 

 Nummulites. 



The sub-kingdom of the Coelenterates, so far as certainly 

 known, is represented only by Corals;'^ but the remains of 

 these are so abundant in many of the limestones of the Car- 

 boniferous form.ation as to constitute a feature little or not at 

 all less conspicuous than that afforded by the Crinoids. As is 

 the case in the preceding period, the Corals belong, almost 

 exclusively, to the groups of the Rugosa and Tabtdata; and 

 there is a general and striking resemblance and relationship 

 between the coral-fauna of the Devonian as a whole, and that 



Fig. 115. — Fjcsulina cylitidrica. Carbon- 

 iferous Limestone, Russia. 



A singular fossil has been described by Professor Martin Duncan and 

 Mr Jenkins from the Carboniferous rocks under the name oi PalcBocojyne, 

 and has been referred to the Hydroid Zoophytes {Corynida). Doubt, 

 however, has been thrown by other observers on the correctness of this 

 reference. 



