BLUE CARBONATE. 

 Blue Carbonate of Copper, Blue 

 Copper, Phillips, Jameson. See Azurite. 

 Blue Copper. See Covelline. 

 Blue Felspar. See Lazulite. 

 Blue Iron Earth, an earthy variety of 

 Vivianite, found in Cornwall, "^ Greenland, 

 Syria, Carinthia, &c. It is frequently white 

 when first dug up, and becomes blue on 

 exposure to the atmosphere. 



Analysis from Kertsch, by Segeth: 

 Phosphoric acid . . 24.95 

 Protoxide of iron . . 48*79 

 Water .... 26-26 



100-00 



Blue Ironstone. See Crocidolite. 



Blue John. The name by which the com- 

 pact and granular varieties of Fluorspar are 

 known by the miners of Derbyshire. It is 

 turned in a lathe and made into vases, 

 tazzas, and other ornamental articles, the 

 finest varieties for which purposes are found 

 at Tray Cliff, near Castleton. The red 

 and some other tints of the ornaments into 

 which it is converted are not those natural 

 to the stone, but are brought out by expos- 

 Hg it to heat. 



3L P. G. Entrance Hall. A beautiful 

 vase of Derbyshire Fluor-spar stands on pe- 

 destal 35. See also Horse- shoe Case on the 

 Principal Floor. 



Blue Lead, or Blue Ore. Names often 

 given b}' miners to distinguish Galena from 

 Cerussite, Anglesite, &c. 



Blue Lead. A variety of Galena pseu- 

 domorphous after Pyromorphite. It occurs 

 massive, and likewise in long, irregular, six- 

 sided prisms, which are superficially dull 

 and rough, and of a colour between lead- 

 grey and indigo- blue. Soft, sectile, and 

 easily frangible. S.G. 5-4. 



Localities. It has been found in Cornwall, 

 at Herodsfoot Mine, near Liskeard, and at 

 Huel Hope ; at Zschopau in Saxony ; and 

 at Huelgoet and Poullaouen, in France, ac- 

 companying carbonates of lead and copper. 

 The specimens from Huel Hope, when held 

 in the flame of a candle, burn like the 

 supersulphuret of lead of Johnston. 



Blue Malachite. See Azurite. 



Blue Spar. See Lazulite. 



Blue Talc of Taberg, in Wermland, 

 Werner. See Tabergite. 



Blue Vitriol, Allan. See Cyanosite. 



Blutstein, Hausmann. See Hematite. 



BoDENiTE. Probably a variety of AUanite. 

 It occurs in long prismatic crystals of a 

 rhombic form. Colour brown, reddish- 

 brown, to nearly black, with a somewhat 

 greasy lustre. H. 6 to 6-5. S. G. 2-53. 



BOG-IRON-ORE. 



47 



Analysis by Kerndt : 





Silica . 



26-12 



Alumina 



10-34 



Protoxide of iron . 



12-05 



Yttria 



17-43 



Oxide of cerium 



10-46 



Oxide of lanthanium 



7-57 



Lime 



6-32 



Magnesia 



2-34 



Protoxide of manganese 



1-62 



Potash . 



1-21 



Soda 



0-84 



Water . . . 



3-82 



100-00 



BB glows like Gadolinite; in platinum 

 forceps fuses at the edges after long heating, 

 and gives to the flame the yellow colour of 

 soda in the outer flame. 



Locality. Occurs with Oligoclase at Bo- 

 den, near Marienberg, in the Saxon Erz- 

 gebirge. 



Bog-butter, Williamson. A variety of 

 Hartite or Guavaquillite, occurring in Irish 

 peat-swamps. It melts at 51° C (l24° F.), 

 and dissolves easily in alcohol. 



Comp. C33 H32 03 + H = carbon 75-05, 

 hydrogen 12 56, oxygen 12-39. 



Boghead Cannel Coal, Boghead Coal, 

 Boghead Mineral. See Torbanite. 



Bog-iron-ore is a loosely aggregated 

 form of peroxide of iron (Limonite) occur- 

 ring in low marshy grounds, and frequently 

 found in the peat-bogs of Ireland and the 

 Shetlands. It is of recent formation, result- 

 ing from the decomposition of other varieties 

 of iron, and often takes the form of the 

 leaves, nuts, or stems found in the marshy 

 soil. It varies in composition, containing 

 from 20 to 78 per cent, of peroxide of iron ; 

 the protoxides of iron and manganese, from 

 a mere trace to 9 or 10 per cent, of phosphoric 

 and organic acids, from 7 to 30 per cent, of 

 water, with almost always silica in a state 

 of chemical combination. When it occurs 

 in small globular concretions, it is termed 

 Pea -iron-ore. 



Bog-iron-ore was subdivided by Werner 

 into three species, having reference rather 

 to the conditions under which they are 

 formed than to any particular difference in 

 their characters or composition, viz. 1. Mo- 

 rasterz or Morass-Ore; 2. Sumpferz or 

 Swamp-Ore ; and, 3. Wiesenerz or Meadow- 

 Ore, which have been formed, according to 

 that author, in the following manner. " The 

 water which flows into marshy places is im- 

 pregnated with a vegetable acid, formed 



