CARNELIAX. 



tion the brighter and deeper will be the 

 colour of the stone ; fire is sometimes sub- 

 stituted for the solar ray, but with less 

 effect, as the stones frequently crack and 

 seldom acquire a brilliant lustre. After 

 having undergone this process, they are 

 boiled for two da^^s and sent to the manu- 

 facturers at Cambay. The Agates are of 

 different hues: those generally called Car- j 

 nelians are black, white, and red, in shades 

 from the palest yellow to the deepest scar- 

 let." — Oriental Mems.,Yo\. ii. p. 20. 



From the circumstance of the lustre of 

 the stones being inferior when artificial heat 

 has been substituted for that of the solar 

 rays, it may be inferred that the change of 

 colour is not produced by the sun's heat alone, 

 but that light, or the actinic raj'S, exercise 

 considerable influence in producing the 

 effect described. It may here be observed 

 that the chalk-flints, which form the super- 

 ficial gravel in man}' parts of this country, 

 are very frequently of a bright red and jq\- 

 lowish-brown colour, in fact, converted into 

 Agates and imperfect Carnelians by long 

 exposure to the suti's heat and light, and 

 the consequent peroxidation of theiron con- 

 tained in them. 



Localities. The finest specimens of Car- 

 nelian are procured from Arabia, and from 

 Cambay and Surat in India ; it is also found 

 in the province of Auckland, in New Zea- 

 land, in trachy tic rocks, in numerous places 

 on the shores of Coromandel ; in Saxony, 

 Scotland, &c. 



Name. The name is derived from carneus 

 (from caro, flesh), in allusion to its colour. 



Brit. Mus.. Case 23. 



3I.F.G. Horse-shoe Case, Nos. 609, 610, 

 619, 621. 



Carolathine, Sonnenschein. A mineral 

 somewhat resembling Mellite, found in 

 rounded balls or massive, of a honey-yel- 

 low to wine-yellow colour. Subtranslucent. 

 Fracture conchoidal. H. 2-5. S.G. 1'5. 



Analysis afforded a volatile part, the com- 

 position of which (including water) was 

 Hydrogen . . . .241 

 Oxygen , . , .19 39 

 Carbon .... 1-33 

 And a fixed mass composed 



of 

 Alumina .... 47*25 

 Silica 29-62 



10000 



Locality. Near Gleiwitz in Upper Sile- 

 sia, in a bed of Mineral Coal. 



CAFvPHOSTILBITE. 65 



Named after the Prince of Carolath. 



Brit. Mus., Case 26. 



Carpholite, Werner. Occurs in tufts of 

 minute, fibrous, imperfectly formed crystals ; 

 also massive, Avith a fibrous and freciuently 

 radiated structure, which is rather incohe- 

 rent ; also in an earthy state. Colour pure 

 straw-yellow, sometimes approaching to 

 wax-vellow. Opaque,' with a silkv lustre. 

 Yery "brittle. H. 6 to 5-5. S. G. 2"93. 



Comp. Hydrated silicate of alumina and 



protoxide of manganese, or (Fe Mn)5 Si + 



A\ Si + 2H. 





Analysis hj Steinmann ; 





Silica . 



. 37-53 



Alumina 



. 26-47 



Oxide of manganese 



. 18-33 



Peroxide of iron . 



. 6-27 



Water . 



. 11-36 



99-96 



BB on charcoal intumesces, whitens, and 

 fuses slowly to a turbid brownish glass, 

 which becomes darker in the outer flame. 

 Scarcely attacked by muriatic acid. 



Localities. In the tin mines of Schlacken- 

 wald in Bohemia, on granite, with Fluor and 

 Quartz. 



Named by Werner from *?«?>?«?, straw, and 

 ^i9o^, stone, in allusion to its colour. 



Carphosiderite. a straw - coloured 

 mineral, resembling oxalate of iron, from 

 Labrador, where it occurs in reniform masses 

 and incrustations, in fissures in mica-slate. 

 It has a resinous lustre and a greasv feel. 

 Streak yellowish. H. 4 to 4-5. S.G". 2-49 

 to 5. 



Comp. It is composed of oxide of iron, 

 phosphoric acid, and water, with small 

 quantities of manganese and zinc. 



BB turns red, and yields a magnetic 

 bead. 



N'ame. From ^«?<?«?, straw, and a-th^o;^ 

 iron. 



Carphostilbite. a straw-yellow and 

 columnar variety ofThomsonite, from Beru- 

 fiord, in Iceland. 



Analysis by Waltershause 



n : 



Silica . 



. 39-28 



Alumina 



. 29-50 



Lime . 



. 12-38 



Soda . 



, 4-09 



Potash . 



. 0-38 



Magnesia . 



. 0-13 



Peroxide of iron . 



. 1-49 



Water . 



. 13-23 



100-48 



