NATIVE BORACIC ACID, 

 cobalt. Lustre metallic. Opaque. Soft. Sec- 

 tile. Brittle when cold ; but somewhat mal- 

 leable when heated. Fuses at 476° F. 

 Crystallizes on slow cooling, after fusion, in 

 rhombohedrons. See 31 P. G. Principal 

 Floor, Case 14. H. 2 to 2-5. S.G. 9-727. 



Comp. Pure bismuth, frequently • with a 

 slight admixture of arsenic. 



BB fuses readily, and volatilizes in white 

 fumes, which form a yellow coating on the 

 charcoal. Crystallizes on slow cooling, after 

 fusion, in rhombohedrons. 



Dissolves in nitric acid, forming a solu- 

 tion which yields a white precipitate on be- 

 ing diluted. 



Localities. — English. In Cornwall at 

 Botallack ; formerly at Huel Sparnon (Jig. 

 302) with Smaltine and Erythrine ; Trugoe 

 Mine, St. Colomb ; Consolidated Mines, St. 

 Ives, lamellar. Caldbeck Fells, Cumberland. 

 — Foreign. Modum in Norway. Fahlun in 

 Sweden. Johaungeorgenstadt and Schnee- 

 berg in Saxony. Joachimsthal in Bohemia. 

 Transylvania. Hanau. Brittany. Valley of 

 Ossau (Basses-Pyrenees). Bolivia, on"^the 

 sides of the mountain Illampu, in large 

 masses, occasionally taced or incrusted on 

 the sides with metallic gold sometimes in 

 crystals. (David Forbes.) 



Brit. Mus., Case 1. 



3I.F.G. Principal Floor, Wall-case 9. 

 (British). 



Native Bismuth, tlie only ore from which 

 the metal is obtained in any quantity, oc- 

 curs in veins in gneiss and clay-slate, and is 

 usually accompanied by various ores of co- 

 balt, lead, silver and zinc. Bismuth, in 

 combination with other metals, forms a 

 useful allo3% and is used in the manufacture 

 of printers' type, pewter, solder, &c. It is 

 also employed as an ingredient in a poma- 

 tum used for imparting a dark colour to the 

 hair, and in the form of the oxide as a cos- 

 metic under the name of blanc de fard. 

 The reticulated varieties are distinguished 

 from Native Silver by their colour and in- 

 ferior maleability. 



Native Bokacic Acid, Phillips. See 

 Sassolin. 



Native Copper. Cubical. Occurs crys- 

 tallized in numerous and often compound 



Fig. 



forms : also capillary, dendritic, and in thin 

 films filling crevices; generally massive. 



NATIVE COPPER. 251 



Colour copper-red. Lustre metallic. Streak 

 metallic-shining. Ductile and malleable. 

 Tough. Fracture hackly. H. 2-5 to 3. 

 S.G. 8-94. 



Comp. Pure copper or- Cu. 



BB fuses readily to a globule of apparently 

 pure copper, which on cooling is covered 

 with a coating of black oxide. 



Dissolves in nitric acid: forms a blue 

 solution in ammonia. 



Localities. Cornwall : in octahedrons at 

 Carn Brea Mines; Huel Gorland in cubes 

 and octahedrons ; Relistian Mine ; United 

 Mines; Huel Buller; Ramose and mossy 

 at Huel Cock, Tolcarne, and Botallack. 

 Great Devon Consols, near Tavistock in De- 

 vonshire. Anglesea, in Serpentine. — Scotch. 

 In trap near Stirling. The Shetlands. 

 Mauchline, Ayrshire. Neilston, Renfrew. — 

 L-ish. Cronebane, and Tigroney, in Wick- 

 low, crystallized and massive ; also at Bal- 

 lymurtagh. Knockmahon, in Waterford, 

 crystallized and arborescent. — Foreign. Si- 

 beria, and the Island of Nalsoe in Faroe, ac- 

 companying fibrous Mesotype in amygda- 

 loid. Moldawa in the Banat. Chessy in 

 France. Herrengrund in Hungary. Brazil. 

 Chili, containing sometimes 7 to 8 per cent, 

 of silver. Peru. New Jersey. Brunswick, 

 Somerville ; Schuyler's mines ; and Fleming- 

 ton ; &c. U.S. 



Brit. Mus,, Case 1. 



Jf. P. G. Large mass in Hall from Tre- 

 nance Mine, Cornwall. 



Principal Floor, Wall-cases 1 and 26, 

 No. 92 (British); 23 (Foreign); 40 (Ja- 

 maica) ; 42 on floor (Newfoundland). 



The largest known supplies of Native 

 Copper are those on the coast of Lake Su- 

 perior in North America, near Keweenaw 

 Point, where it occurs in veins near the 

 junction of trap and sandstone, and dis- 

 seminated in amygdaloid. " A large mass 

 was thrown down July 8th, 1853, at the 

 North American Mine"^; it was about 40 

 feet long, and its estimated weight was 200 

 tons. This copper contains intimately 

 mixed with it about ^ per cent, of silver ; 

 often this metal is in \isible grains, lumps, 

 or strings, and occasionally a mass of cop- 

 per, when polished, appears sprinkled with 

 large silver spots, resembling, as Dr. Jack- 

 son observes, a porphyry Avith its felspar 

 crystals." — Dana's 3Iineralogy, p. 17. 



Metallic copper occurs at the mines of 

 Corocoro in Bolivia, both as small grains 

 irregularly disseminated in beds of red 

 sandstone, and also in nodules, irregular 

 lumps, and plates or sheets interposed be- 



