328 ST. STEPHEN'S STONES. 



Localities. Sahlberg, in Wester mann- 

 land, with Galena, and in many other parts 

 of Sweden. Arendal, in Norway. Harris, 

 in Scotland. The Tyrol. North America. 



Name. From Sahla, and x/fo?, a stone. 



Brit. Mus., Case 34. 



St. Stephen's Stones. "White Chalce- 

 dony, containing blood-red spots. 



Sal Ammoniac, Kirwan, Dana. Cubical, 

 with an octahedral cleavai(e. Occurs in 

 minute octahedrons. Generally stalaetitic, 

 in crusts, or as an efflorescence. Colour, when 

 pure, white ; often greyish or yellowish. 

 Transparent to opaque Lustre internally 

 vitreous ; externally dull. Streak white. 

 Fracture conchoidal. Taste pungent, cool, 

 and saline. H. 1-5 to 2. S.G. 1-52. 



Comp. Muriate of ammonia, or NH* Cl = 

 chlorine 66*3, ammonium 33'7 = 100. 



Analysis, from Vesuvius, by Klaproth : 

 Muriate of ammonia . . 99-5 

 Sulphate of ammonia . . 0-5 



1000 



BB sublimes at a high temperature, but 

 does not fuse. 



Pulverised with soda or quicklime gives 

 out the odour of ammonia. 



Soluble in 2*7 parts of water, at fi6° F., 

 and in about its own weight of boiling 

 water. 



Very sparingly soluble in alcohol. 



Localities. — English. Near Newcastle, in 

 Northumberland ; and Bradley, Stafford- 

 shire. — Scotch. Hurlet, near Paisley. — 

 Foreign. In the neighbourhood of volcanoes, 

 as at Etna ; the Solfatara, near Naples ; 

 Vesuvius ; Kilauea, in Hawaii ; Hecla, in 

 Iceland ; Isle of Bourbon ; Tuscany ; St. 

 Etienne, in France ; Duttweiler, in Saar- 

 brlick ; Thibet ; Persia ; Bucharia,inTartar3'. 



Name. From sal {salt), and hama nijak 

 (Arabic) : i.e. Salt from the dung of camels. 



Sal Ammoniac is found native near vol- 

 canoes, in the vicinity of ignited beds of 

 coal (as in Great Britain), and, in very 

 small quantity, in sea- and certain mineral 

 waters. It is supposed to have been one of 

 the salts included by the ancients under the 

 name of nitre {nitrum). The Sal Ammo- 

 niac (aA? a,iA!x,Mvto(.Ko;), of Dioscorides and 

 Pliny, has been proved to be common salt, 

 dug near the temple of Ammon, in Egypt, 

 and the name to have been subsequently 

 transferred to the muriate of ammonia, pre- 

 pared in that country by sublimation, from 

 the soot obtained by burning camel's dung. 



Sal Ammoniac is easily recognised by its 



CM, Kirwn?i. ^ 



CMM^E, f'Fallerius. > 

 i^RE, Beudant. J 



See Rock 

 Salt. 



SAMARSKITE. 

 urinous and pungent odour, and its com- 

 plete volatility by the action of heat. 



Both the natural and artificial salt are 

 used in medicine, dyeing, and in metallur- 

 gical operations. 



Brit. Mus., Case 59. 



3L P. G. Upper Gallery, Wall-case A, 

 in Recess 4, No. 146. 



Sal Gem, Kin 



Sal Ge? 



Sal Mare, 



Sal Mirabile, Wallerius. See Glauber 

 Salt. 



Sal Neutrum Acidulare, Wallerius. 

 See Rock Salt. 



Salamander's Hair, Woodward. Ami- 

 anthus and Asbestos (which see). 



Sala.mstein, or Salamstone. The name 

 given by Vv^erner to blue Sapphire from 

 Ceylon. It occurs in small transparent 

 crystals, generally six-sided prisms, of pale 

 reddish and bluish colours. 



Salmiak, lieuss, Werner. See Sal 

 Ammoniac. 



Salpeter, Werner. See Nitre. 



Salpetbr, ZeonAard Nitrate of Soda. 

 See Nitratine. 



Salt Clay, Humboldt. A grey mass, in- 

 terspersed with salt, separated mechanically 

 from the so-called Haselgebirge (which see), 

 occurring in certain salt formations. 



It is a tersilicate of alumina, mixed with 

 carbonate of magnesia and other substances, 



represented by the formula Al Si^ 

 Analysis, by Schafhaiitl : 

 Sihca .... 

 Alumina 

 Carbonic acid 

 Magnesia 



Iron .... 

 Manganese 

 Sulphur 



Chloride of sodium 

 Bitumen 



hMgC. 



45-5 

 150 

 137 

 j2-8 



6-9 



0-3 



2-2 • 



1-1 



2-4 



99-9 



Salt of Phosphorus, Dana. See Ster- 

 corite. 



Saltpetre. See Nitre. 



Salz, Ke?mgott. See Rock Salt. 



Salzsaures Blei von Mendip. See 

 Mendipite. 



Salzsaures Quecrsilberoxydul. See 

 Calomel. 



SalzsXureskupfer. I See 



Salzkupfererz, Werner.^ Atacamite. 



Salzthon, Humboldt. See Salt Clay. 



Samarskite, H. Base. Rhombic. Usually 



