CONTENTS. XIH 



Chapter XVIL — Cretaceous Group. 



Lapse of time between the Cretaceous and Eocene periods — Formations in Bel- 

 gium and France of intermediate age — Pisolitic limestone — Divisions of the 

 Cretaceous series in Northwestern Europe — Maestricht beds — Chalk of Faxoe 

 — White chalk — How far derived from, shells and corals — Chalk flints — Fossils 

 of the Upper Cretaceous rocks — Upper Greensand and Gault — Chalk of South 

 of Europe — Hippurite limestone — Cretaceous rocks of the United States 234 



Chapter XVIII. — Lower Cretaceous and Wealden Formations. 



Lower Greensand — Term "Neocomian" — Fossils of Lower Greensand — Wealden 

 •formation — Weald Clay and Hastings Sand — Fossil shells and tish — Their re- 

 lation to the Cretaceous type — Flora of Lower Cretaceous and Wealden 

 periods - - . . . . . . . 256 



Chapter XIX. — Denudation of the Chalk and Wealden. 



Physical geography of certain districts composed of Cretaceous and Wealden 

 strata — Lines of inland chalk-cliifs on the Seine in Normandy — Denudation of 

 the chalk and wealden in Surrey, Kent, and Sussex — Chalk once continuous 

 from the North to the South Downs — Rise and denudation of the strata gradual 

 — At what period the Weald valley was denuded, and by what causes — Ele- 

 phant-bed, Brighton— Sangatte cliff — Conclusion - - - - 267 



Chapter XX. — Jurassic Group. — Purheck Beds and. Oolite. 



The Purbeck beds a member of the Upper Oolite — New fossil mammifer — Dirt- 

 bed — Fossils of the Purbeck beds — Portland stone and fossils — Middle Oolite 

 — Coral Rag — Zoophytes — Nerinaean limestone — 'Dieeras limestone — Oxford 

 Clay, Ammonites and Belemnites — Lower Oolite, Crinoideans — Great Oolite 

 — Stonesfield Slate — Fossil mammalia — Yorkshire Oolitic coal-field — Brora 

 coal — Fuller's Earth — Inferior Oolite and fossils - - - - 291 



Chapter XXL — Jurassic Group, continued. — Lias. 



Mineral character of Lias — Fossil shells and fish— Radiata — Ichthyodorulites — • 

 Reptiles — Ichthyosaur and Plesiosaur — Fluvio-marine beds in Gloucestershire, 

 and Insect limestone — Fossil plants — Origin of the Oolite and Lias — Oolitic 

 coal-field of Virginia - - - - - - -317 



Chapter XXII. — Trias or New Red Sandstone Group. 



Distinction between New and Old Red Sandstone — The Trias and its three di 

 visions in Germany — Keuper and its fossils — Muschelkalk and fossils — Fossii 

 plants of the Bunter — Triassic group in England — Footsteps of Cheirotherium 

 — Osteology of the Lahyrinthodon — Triassic mammifer — Origin of Red Sand- 

 stone and Rock-salt — New Red Sandstone in the United States — Fossil foot- 

 prints of birds and reptiles in the valley of the Connecticut - - 332 



Chapter XXIII. — Permian or Magnesian Limestone Group. 



Fossils of Magnesian Limestone — Term Permian — English and German equiva- 

 lents — Marine shells and corals — Palaaoniscus and other fish — Thecodont sau- 

 rians — Permian Flora — Its generic afiinity to the carboniferous — Psaronites or 

 tree-ferns - - - - - - - - -350 



Chapter XXIV. — The Coal, or Carboniferous Group. 



Carboniferous strata in England — Coal-measures and mountain limestone— Car- 

 boniferous series in Ireland and South Wales — Underclays with Stigmaria — 

 Carboniferous Flora — Ferns, Lepidodendra, Calamites, Sigillariie — Coniferfe — 

 Sternbergia — Trigonocarpon — Grade of Coniferje in the Vegetable Kingdom — 

 Absence of Angiosperms — Coal, how formed — Erect fossil trees — Rain-prints 

 — Purity of the Coal explained — Time required for its accumulation — Crueta- 

 eeans and insects -- = = = .„. §53 



