Cu. XIV.] OLDER PLIOCENE FORMATIONS. 



Fig. 143. Fig. 144. 



167 



Bear. 

 a. Canine tooth or tusk of bear ( Ursus 



spelceus) ; from cave near Liege. 

 &. Molar of left side, upper jaw; one 



third of nat. size. 



Tiger. 

 e. Canine tooth of tiger {I'elis tigris) ; 



recent. 

 d. Outside view of posterior molar 



lower jaw ; one-third of nat. size. 



Fig. 145. 



Fig. 146. 



Uyoena spelcva: second molar, lefc 

 side, lower jaw ; nat. size. Cave 

 of Kirkdale. (See p. 160.) 



Teeth of a new species of Arvicola (field mouse); ft-om the 

 Norwich Crag. (See p. 155.) 

 a. Grinding surface. I). Side view of same. 



c. Nat. size'of a and b. 



Fig. 147. 



«. Fourth molar, right side, lower Jaw. 3fegatlieriiim ; Georgia, &. Crown of same. 



U. S. : one-third nat. size. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



OLDER PLIOCENE AND MIOCENE FORMATIONS. 



Strata of Suffolk termed Red and Coralline Crag — ^Fossils, and proportion of re- 

 cent species — Depth of sea and climate — Reference of Suffolk Crag to the 

 Older Pliocene period — Migration of many species of shells southwards during 

 the glacial period — Fossil whales — Antwerp Crag — Subapennine beds — Asti, 

 Sienna, Rome — Aralo-Caspian formations — Miocene formations — Faluns of 

 Touraine—Depth of sea and littoral character of fauna— Tropical climate im. 

 plied by the testaeea — Proportion of recent species of shells — Faluns more an- 

 cient than the Suffolk Crag — Miocene strata of Bourdeaux — of the Bolderberg 

 in Belgium — of North Germany — Vienna Basin — Piedmont — Molasse of Swit- 

 zerland — Leaf-beds of Mull in Scotland — Older Pliocene and Miocene forma- 

 tions in the United States — Sewalik Hills in India. 



The older Pliocene strata, which next claim our attention, are chiefly- 

 confined, in Great Britain, to the eastern part of the county of Sufiblk, 



