386 



CLAY-IRON-STONE. 



[Ch. XXIV 



More recently (1854) Mr. Fr. Goldenberg has published descriptiona 

 of no less than twelve species of insects from the nodular clay-iron-stone 

 of Saarbruck near Treves.'^ They are associated with the leaves and 

 branches of fossil ferns. x\mong them are several Blattince, three species 

 of Neiiroptera^ one beetle of the Scarahoeus family, a grasshopper or 

 locust, Gryllacris (see fig. 502), and several white ants or Termites. 



Fig. 502. 



Wing of a Grasshopper. 



Gryllacris lithanthraca^ Goldenberg. 



Coal, Saarbrlick near Treves. 



These newly-added species probably outnumber all we knew before of 

 the fossil insects of the coal. 



In the Edinburgh coal-field, at Burdiehouse, fossil fishes, mollusl^, 

 and cyprides (?), very similar to those in Shropshire and Stafford- 

 shire, have been found by Dr. Hibbert. In the coal-field also of 

 Yorkshire there are freshwater strata, some of which contain shells 

 referred to the genus Uiiio ; but in the midst of the series there is one 

 thin but very widely-spread stratum, abounding in fishes and marine 

 shells, such as Goniatites Lisieri (fig. 503), Ortlioceras, and Avicula 

 jpapyracea^ Goldf. (fig. 504). 



Fig. 503. 



Fig. 504. 



Goniatites Zisteri, Martin, sp. 



Aviciila papyracea, GoMf. 

 {Pecten papyraceus, Sow.) 



No similarly intercalated layer of marine shells has been noticed in 

 the neighboring coal-field of Newcastle, where, as in South Wales and 



* Palseont. Dunker and V. Meyer, vol. iv. p. 1*7. 



