MADEIRA. 
23 
made by English residents to substitute machinery, but the preju- 
dices, vexations and difficulties experienced has caused them to give 
up the attempt. The general average is from one to three pipes of 
wine per acre annually. 
WJNE-rRESS. 
The south side of Madeira, as is well known, although not the 
most fertile, produces the finest wines. Every point which can 
be cultivated successfully is attended to, and earth is brought to 
increase the soil from other parts. The kinds of grapes are various, 
and the wines manufactured as numerous. The common Madeira 
is obtained from a mixture of Bual, Verdelho, and Negro Molle 
grapes; the Malmsey and Sercial from grapes of the same name, 
There is a great difference in the spots and peculiar exposure where 
the vine grows, and different kinds of wine are produced, according 
to the state of maturity to which the grape is allowed to arrive 
before being gathered. After being expressed, it is put into casks, 
undergoes the process of fermentation, is clarified with gypsum or 
isincdass, and a small portion of brandy is added, two or three 
gallons to the pipe. 
The deportment of the lower classes is a mixture of politeness and 
servility. They invariably noticed us in passing by taking off the 
cap, and on receiving any thing, kissed their hands, or made some 
other respectful salutation. 
The language spoken in Madeira is Portuguese, but with a rapid 
utterance, or rather, clipping or abbreviating of their words and 
expressions. 
The ignorance of the common people seems great. Few can 
