64 RIO JANEIRO. 
the Cape, is occupied by two nations or races of people, which, though 
bearing marks of a common origin, are yet perfectly distinct. Each 
of them is subdivided into several minor tribes or clans. The first 
of these may be called the Mozambique or Makua, and the second 
the Caffre race. 
The Mozambique or Makua tribe, are the people who possess all 
the country inland of the Portuguese and Arab settlements, Melinda, 
Quilao, Mozambique, Quilimane, and Sofala. They occupy the 
country which was formerly comprised in the empire of Motapa, but 
is now divided between the Portuguese and several native provinces. 
The southern boundary of this people appears to be the river Inham- 
bane, which empties into the Indian Ocean, near Cape Corientes, 
under the southern tropic. The negroes who inhabit the country 
near the Portuguese settlement of Mozambique, are the Mozambique 
or Makuans: they differ little in their character or bodily conforma- 
tion from the Congo tribes on the opposite coast. They have the 
negro physiognomy and qualities in their full extent, and perhaps are. 
if any thing, rather lower in the grade of intellect than their brethren 
of the west. 
The custom of marking prevails among all the tribes of the eastern 
coast. The Mozambique people are distinguished by a scar like a 
horseshoe in the centre of the forehead, with others somewhat dif- 
ferent on each side. They have other marks of a similar nature on 
the chm and a large brand in the shape of the letter S covers the 
breast; their teeth are filed sharp, each tooth making a separate point. 
The lakwani dwell on the great river Zambezi, at whose mouth 
Quilimane is situated. This was formerly the line of division between 
the northern or barbarous Makuans and the territories of the Motapa 
Although this empire is extinct, the countries south of the river still 
