POLITICAL STATE OF BRAZIL. S5 
tant measure, were overcome by the power and management of this 
band of leading men, who contrived to unite with them the most 
opposite characters, and to neutralize personal animosity, as well as 
party strife, absorbing all other subjects, and enlisting them in 
support of this measure. They thus clearly showed their influence 
in being able to set aside constitutional restraints, overcoming the 
executive power, and controlling the senatorial aristocracy. 
The new constitution seems to operate satisfactorily under these 
leaders. There are, however, some features in it which give its 
warmest friends many fears respecting the stability of the govern- 
ment. One of these is the difficulty of making the provincial 
legislatures work harmoniously with the general government. Great 
stress is, however, laid upon the character of the Brazilians, who are 
disinclined to change, and upon their habits of obedience to the laws 
and constituted authority. This gives a well-grounded hope for the 
peaceful and onward march of the public prosperity under the new 
constitution. 
Every exertion is making to give the young Emperor a good 
education, and his talents are well spoken of. 
The regulation of the currency has continued to claim the atten- 
tion of the government, as involving the most important questions, 
and those likely to bring about difficulties. Some apprehensions 
are entertained that the local governments may apply a remedy 
themselves. In the Chamber of Deputies, all money bills originate, 
but the Senate may amend them. All laws must be sanctioned by 
the Emperor after having passed both branches of the legislature. 
In case of disagreement between the two houses, the members unite 
in the Senate chamber, and the question is decided by a majority of 
votes. There are no doubt many sources of discord, but they are 
not fully known by any, except the principal actors, and few are 
aware how the affairs of the kingdom are going on. At this time 
(1838 and 39) all those acquainted with the people and govern- 
ment considered the whole kingdom in a precarious state, the admi- 
nistration at Rio Janeiro was believed to be unpopular, while some 
of the provinces evinced a strong disposition to join with that of Rio 
Grande in revolution. But this cannot succeed. Rio, with its 
situation and commercial advantages, must and always will have the 
ascendency in one way or other, will control its resources, and must 
be the seat of government of this empire. 
The administration of justice is confided to two high tribunals 
vol. i. 22 
