APPENDIX. 41y 
The astronomical bearings may be communicated in the following 
manner, with the distinguishing pennant of the vessel whose bearing 
is to be shown : hoist the "number" indicating the degrees with the 
cornet above, if the bearing be from the north, but under, if from the 
south ; then the corresponding numbers for the minutes and seconds ; 
with the preparatory pennant, if to the east, or without it, if to the 
west, thus : the cornet under 56, would signify S. 56° ; then 04-26, 
would correspond, 04' and 26" W., or, the whole being put together^ 
would stand, S. 56°, 04' 26" W. 
Each officer, before leaving the ship, will see that his boat is fur- 
nished with water and provisions for three days for her crew ; that 
her oars, spars, and sails are in good order, compass, sextant, spy- 
glass, log-line and current-log, leads and lines, grapnel and lines 
for mooring, materials for striking a light, lantern, and field-book; 
also, that their watches have been set to ship's time. 
The boats will be divided into parties or divisions ; each division 
will be under the orders of an officer appointed to take the charge, 
who will receive the general instructions for the day, and who will 
wear their boat ensigns as a distinguishing mark. 
The formula of the field-books will be understood as follows : 
At the head of each page the name of the boat and the date will be inserted. 
In column 1st. The time of taking the angles. 
2d. The soundings, and their nature. 
3d. The soundings reduced. 
4th. The name of the object and the angle to the left of the observer. 
5th. The name of the centre objects only, unless there be three angles 
measured ; then, the centre angle will be inserted with both 
the centre objects. 
6th. The name of the object and the angle to the right of the observer. 
Officers are expected to note any observations on the current, 
soundings, &c, that they may deem necessary to make the results 
less liable to misconstruction and obviate explanation. 
When a line of soundings extends to, or commences at the shore, 
the point must be accurately fixed by at least three angles, and the 
shore sketched in on both sides for some hundred yards, or to some 
well-defined object. 
The daily orders must be carried into strict execution ; and if an 
officer does not clearly understand or perceives any difficulty therein, 
he will so state before leaving the vessel. 
