

Photograph by D. B. Church 



A SNOWDRIFT COVERED BY TWO FEET OF WIND-BLOWN ASH, NEAR KATMAI VILLAGE, 



AT SEA-LEVEL, JULY 1 5 



Thus protected from the sun, melting of the snow is so retarded that in many places 

 formerly uncovered early in the season the snow now fails to melt away and is accumulating 

 year by year. 



pansion of the included gas or exploded 

 and was completely disrupted, forming 

 ashes and dust. 



On first thought one is apt to be more 

 awed by a force that could hurl great 

 rocks through the air than one which 

 merely throws up ashes and dust. But 

 when one reflects that ash and pumice are 

 rock blown to fragments by the violence 

 of the explosion, he realizes that much 

 mightier forces are involved than would 

 be required to toss boulders about. 



CROSSING THE RIVER 



In spite of the desolation of the valley, 

 even in the shadow of the volcano, some 

 few remnants of plants persisted in shel- 

 tered nooks on the steep mountain side. 

 In our climb we found living plants of 

 devil-club, lady-fern, salmon-berries, a 

 willow, a sedge, and a bedstraw. The 

 leaves of most of these were injured 

 around the margins, and in general they 

 appeared more dead than alive, though, 



of course, still retaining the possibility of 

 later becoming the means of revegetating 

 the country. 



Our next venture was to try to cross 

 the river to examine the lower slopes of 

 the volcano and the mud-flow. This we 

 found a very formidable undertaking. 

 Although the stream was divided into 

 many channels, none of which was deep, 

 it was so swift as almost to carry us 

 away. Indeed, both Fulton and I went 

 down under its current and succeeded in 

 getting out only with difficulty. We did 

 not mind the ducking, even though the 

 water was icy cold, but we were in fear 

 of wetting our precious cameras (see 

 page 39) . 



A SECOND NEW VOLCANO — THE TRIDENT 



After two days of waiting, the sky 

 cleared, and when we woke we beheld 

 the whole range. Off to the westward 

 was a steady column of steam rising from 

 Mount Martin, which was concealed be- 



4i 



