NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 



HUBBARD MEMORIAL HALL 



SIXTEENTH AND M STREETS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



O. H. TITTMANN . . . PRESIDENT 



GILBERT H.GROSVENOR. DIRECTOR AND EDITOR 

 JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE . ASSOCIATE EDITOR 



O. P. AUSTIN SECRETARY 



JOHN E. PILLSBURY . VICE-PRESIDENT 



JOHN JOY EDSON .... TREASURER 

 GEORGE W. HUTCHISON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY 



WILLIAM J. SHOWALTER . ASSISTANT EDITOR 



BOARD OF MANAGERS 



1915-1917 

 Charles J. Bell 



President American Security 

 and Trust Company 



John Joy Edson 



President Washington Loan & 

 Trust Company 



David Fairchild 



In Charge of Agricultural Ex- 

 plorations. Dept. of Agric. 



C. Hart Merriam 



Member National Academy of 

 Sciences 



O. P. Austin 



Statistician 



George R. Putnam 



Commissioner U. S. Bureau of 

 Lighthouses 



George Shiras, 3d 



Formerly Member U. S. Con- 

 gress, Faunal Naturalist, and 

 Wild-Game Photographer 



Grant Squires 



New York 



1916-1918 



Franklin K. Lane 



Secretary of the Interior 



Henry F. Blount 



Vice-President American Se- 

 curity and Trust Company 



C. M. Chester 



Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, 

 Formerly Supt. U. S. Naval 

 Observatory 



Frederick V. Coville 



Formerly I-residentof Wash- 

 ington Academy of Sciences 



John E. Pillsbury 



Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, 

 Formerly Chief Bureau of 

 Navigation 



Rudolph Kauffmann 



Managing Editor The Evening 

 Star 



T. L. Macdonald 



M. D.. F. A. C. S. 



S. N. D. North 



Formerly Director U. S. 

 reau of Census 



Bu- 



1917-1919 



AlexanderGrahamBell 



Inventor of the telephone 



J. Howard Gore 



Pro'. Emeritus Mathematics. 

 T!ie Geo. Washington Univ. 



A. W. Greely 



Arctic Explorer, Major Gen'l 

 U. S. Army 



Gilbert H. Grosvenor 



Editor of National Geographic 

 Magazine 



George Otis Smith 



Director of U. S. Geological 

 Survey 



O. H. Tittmann 



Formerly Superintendent of 

 U.S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- 

 vey 



Henry White 



Formerly U. S. Ambassador to 

 France, Italy, etc. 



John M. Wilson 



Brigadier General U. S.Army, 

 Formerly Chief of Engineers 



To carry out the purpose for which it was founded twenty-eight years 

 ago, namely, "the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge," 

 the National Geographic Society publishes this Magazine. All receipts 

 from the publication are invested in the Magazine itself or expended 

 directly to promote geographic knowledge and the study of geography. 

 Articles or photographs from members of the Society, or other friends, 

 are desired. For material that the Society can use, adequate remunera- 

 tion is made. Contributions should be accompanied by an addressed 

 return envelope and postage, and be addressed : 



GILBERT H. GROSVENOR. EDITOR 



CONTRIBUTING EDITORS 



A. W. Greely 



C Hart Merriam 



O. H. Tittmann 



Robert Hollister Chapman 



Walter T. Swingle 



Alexander Graham Bell 

 David Fairchild 

 Hugh M. Smith 

 N. H. Darton 

 Frank M. Chapman 



Copyright, 1917, by National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. All rights reserved 



