Underwood & Underwood 



A STACK OF JAM FOR THE ARMY AT SALONIKI 



The ensuing two hundred years were 

 the most unhappy in the troubled history 

 of the Thessalonians, who were fought 

 over and bandied about by Greeks, Bul- 

 bars, Serbs, Catalans, Venetians, and 

 Turks. 



The latter first appeared on the scene 

 in 1380. They did not definitely take 

 possession, however, till 1430. Then Sul- 

 tan Mourad II, father of the conqueror 

 of Constantinople, captured the town 

 from the Venetians, gave it over to sack 

 and massacre, carried off seven thousand 

 of the inhabitants into slavery, and 

 changed many of the churches into 

 mosques or tore them down for use in 

 his own constructions. Some of the mar- 

 hies of Saloniki were carried as far away 

 as Adrianople. 



UNDER TURKISH RULE FOR 500 YEARS 



For nearly five hundred years the 

 Turks remained in undisturbed posses- 

 sion. Yet it is perhaps not quite accurate 

 to describe their possession as undis- 



turbed; for during the latter part of 

 that period the frontiers of the empire 

 drew steadily nearer, while toward the 

 end of it Macedonia became the scene of 

 incessant revolutionary outbreaks. 



In 1904 the European Powers at- 

 tempted to solve the situation by making 

 Saloniki the seat of an international 

 board that administered the finances of 

 Macedonia and organized a well-drilled 

 and well-equipped gendarmerie. This 

 foreign surveillance, which threatened to 

 become closer after the historic Reval 

 conference of 1908, precipitated the 

 Turkish revolution of the same year. 



The revolution was organized in Sa- 

 loniki and proclaimed there, the official 

 ring-leaders of the movement being Ny- 

 azi Bey and Enver Bey, now Enver 

 Pasha, Minister of War and guiding 

 spirit of the Young Turks. In 1909 the 

 progress of the revolution brought about 

 the dethronement of Sultan Abd-iil- 

 Hamid II, who was thereupon exiled to 

 Saloniki. Nowhere else in the empire 



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