in connection with ioo, they have other mean- 

 ings, both in the navy code and in the inter- 

 national code. 



109. Displayed with a numeral signal, this 

 flag summons the boat which has been assigned 

 that particular number to return to the ship. 

 Displayed alone, it recalls all boats then absent 

 from the ship on which it is flying. 



112. These are the semaphore flags used in 

 the navy. 



113. These are the wig-wag flags used in 

 signal operations ashore and afloat. 



114-115-116. These pennants are used to 

 repeat the first, second, and third flags in the 

 hoist. 



117. This is a pennant very much in use, 

 and when a ship is at anchor especially wel- 

 come to the crew. It is the meal signal. When 

 a ship is under way it indicates that the vessel 

 is making more than standard speed for some 

 purpose or other. When hoisted below the 

 admiral's flag on his flagship, it indicates that 

 that officer is about to leave. 



118. This pennant is displayed from the 

 yard arm of a flag officer's ship when he is 

 absent. 



119. The powder flag is displayed at the 

 fore mast when a ship is taking on board 

 powder or munitions. It is also carried in 

 boats and lighters used in transporting ammu- 

 nition. 



120-171. These flags are used in designating 

 various divisions and ships of the naval forces. 



INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SIGNALS 



172-197. The international code of signals 

 is a great universal dictionary which makes 

 communication everywhere intelligible, regard- 

 less of the tongue spoken by those using it. A 

 ship using a signal book printed in English 

 can communicate with a vessel using a book 

 printed in French or Italian as easily as if the 

 second ship were using an English book. 



The international code of signals consists of 

 twenty-six flags — one for each letter of the 

 alphabet — and a code pennant. By means of 

 these flags 375,000 different signals can be 

 made. This code was adopted by international 

 agreement in January, 1901, and is almost en- 

 tirely based on a system of signaling by flags 

 devised by the British Government in 1856. 

 The code consists of nineteen square flags 

 (179-197), two burgee flags (172-173), and five 

 pennants (174-178) and the code or answering 

 pennant (213). 



When hoisted under the ensign (1 for 

 United States, 829 for Great Britain, 743 for 

 France, etc.), the code pennant (213) denotes 

 a signal taken from the international code. 

 When hoisted by itself at the masthead, or 

 where it can best be seen, it is the answering 

 pennant. 



One-flag signals are for use only between 

 vessels towing and being towed. The flag is 

 then exhibited by being held in the hand or by 

 hoisting at the stay or fore shrouds or to the 

 gaff, according to circumstances. 

 _ Two-flag signals are urgent and important 

 signals, and are made by the code pennant over 

 one flag, or bv combinations of any two flags 

 AB to ZY. 



Three-flag signals are general signals, in- 

 cluding compass signals and signals designating 

 moneys, measures and weights, decimals and 

 fractions, auxiliary phrases, etc. 



Four-flag signals are geographical, alpha- 

 betical spelling table, or vessels numbers sig- 

 nals. 



198-205. These are yacht flags, indicating 

 respectively the absence of the owner, the pres- 

 ence of guests, the owner's dinner, the crew's 

 meal, etc. 



206-209. These figures show how the dots 

 and dashes of the United States army and navy 

 wig-wag code are made by flag-wavers (see 

 illustration on another page). 



210-212. These are the semaphore flags of 

 the United States army, the boy scouts, and 

 the British forces. The boy scouts of Amer- 

 ica, several hundred thousand strong, and tens 

 of thousands of boys who do not belong to 

 that organization, are fast learning to com- 

 municate with one another by means of flags. 



213. A ship wishing to make a signal hoists 

 her ensign (1 for United States, 829 for Great 

 Britain, 743 for France, etc.) with this code 

 flag under it (see note under 172-197). 



214-217. These figures show the numbering 

 and coloring of buoys as seen coming from 

 the sea, and illustrated by the alliteration "red, 

 right, returning." 



218-219. These figures represent respect- 

 ively the masthead light required by the inter- 

 national rules of the road for steam trawlers 

 and the area required to be covered by the 

 starboard and port running lights, the mast- 

 head and optional range lights, and the stern 

 lights of steam vessels. 



220-223. These are the day signals for a 

 pilot, the first being the jack, in this case the 

 United States jack, at the fore, the next two 

 flags showing the signal P. T. and S. respec- 

 tively, 2nd the third the distance signal, con- 

 sisting of balls and cone. 



224-229. Signals of distress include the S. 

 O. S. call — three dots, three dashes, and three 

 dots — the inverted ensign, etc. A continuous 

 sounding with any fog signal is also a signal 

 of distress. 



230. Night pilot signals include flashes of 

 one minute duration at frequenting intervals, 

 or a blue light showing every fifteen minutes. 



231-233. Night signals of distress are made 

 through gun fire at intervals of one minute, by 

 flames from a tar or oil barrel, rockets, or 

 bombs. 



COAST GUARD SIGNALS 



234-238. All manned Coast Guard stations 

 of the United States are equipped with inter- 

 national code flags, and are prepared to send 

 or receive signals in that code or by means of 

 the International Morse Code. Practically all 

 the stations are provided with means of tele- 

 phonic communication through which the tele- 

 graph lines may be reached. 



The following signals, recommended by the 

 International Marine Conference for adoption 

 by all institutions for saving life from wrecked 

 vessels, have been adopted by the Coast Guard 

 of the United States : 



Upon the discovery of a wreck by night, the 

 station crew will burn a red pyrotechnic light 



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