pendicular bar appears the coat-of-arms of the 

 State. This coat-of-arms has three pillars sup- 

 porting an arch with the word "Constitution" 

 engraved thereon. The three departments of 

 government are supposed to be represented by 

 the three pillars. On the pillars are engraved 

 the words "Wisdom," "Justice," "Moderation," 

 these words being supposed to typify the leg- 

 islative, executive, and judicial branches of the 

 State government. 



305. Connecticut's colors consist of a dark 

 blue background, bearing the State seal in the 

 center. The seal has three grape vines, repre- 

 senting the three original colonies of Connecti- 

 cut — Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield. 

 Beneath the vines is the State motto, "Qui 

 transtulit sustinet." The Connecticut State 

 flag was adopted by the General Assembly in 

 1897. Its dimensions are five feet six inches 

 by four feet four inches. The Latin inscrip- 

 tion is a survival of the Nutmeg State's Colo- 

 nial banner and, freely translated, means, "He 

 who brought us over sustains us." 



306. Massachusetts. — By a law approved 

 in 1908 the flag of the Commonwealth bears on 

 one side a representation of the coat-of-arms 

 of the State, upon a white field, and on the 

 other side a blue field bearing the representa- 

 tion of a green pine tree against a white back- 

 ground. When carried as colors by troops, or 

 otherwise, the flag is bordered by a fringe and 

 surmounted by a cord and tassels, the fringe, 

 cord, and tassels being of golden yellow. The 

 staff is of white ash or wood of similar light 

 color, tipped with a spearhead of gilt. The 

 coat-of-arms was authorized under a law of 

 1885. It consists of a shield having a blue field, 

 with an Indian man, dressed in shirt, hunting 

 breeches, and moccasins, holding in his right 

 hand a bow and in his left hand an arrow 

 pointing downward, all of gold; in the upper 

 corner of the field above his right arm is a 

 silvef star with five points. The crest is a 

 wreath of blue and gold, whereon, in gold, is 

 a right arm, bent at the elbow, clothed and 

 ruffled, with the hand grasping a broad sword. 

 The motto is "Ense petit placidam sub libertate 

 quietem." 



307. Maryland. — One of the oldest flags in 

 the world at the date of its official adoption, 

 the State flag of Maryland is unique in design 

 and striking in its history. Although it was 

 the flag of the proprietary government of Mary- 

 land generations before American independ- 

 ence was dreamed of, and has continued in use 

 from that day to this, it was not officially 

 adopted until 1904. It represents the escutcheon 

 of the paternal coat-of-arms of Lord Balti- 

 more. After reciting that it is eminently fitting 

 that, by reason of its historic interest and 

 meaning - , as well as for its beauty and harmony 

 of colors, the flag adopted should be one which 

 from the earliest settlement of the province to 

 the present time has been known and distin- 

 guished as the flag of Maryland, the resolutions 

 then provide that the first and fourth quarters 

 consist of six vertical bars, alternately gold and 

 black, with a diagonal band on which the colors 

 are reversed ; the second and third quarters 

 consist of a quartered field of red and white, 

 charged with a Greek cross, its arms terminat- 

 ing in trefoils, with the colors transposed, red 



being on the white ground and white on the 

 red, and all being represented as on the es- 

 cutcheon of the present great seal of Maryland. 

 The flag always is to be so arranged upon the 

 staff as to have the black stripes on the diag- 

 onal band of the first quarter at the top of the 

 staff. It is to be displayed from the State 

 House at Annapolis continually during the ses- 

 sion of the General Assembly and on such 

 other public occasions as the Governor of the 

 State shall order and direct. 



308. South Carolina's flag is reminiscent 

 of secession times. Following that State's 

 withdrawal from the Union, its legislature de- 

 cided that it was a separate nation and should 

 have a national banner. A resolution was there- 

 fore adopted in 1861 providing that "the na- 

 tional flag or ensign of South Carolina should 

 be blue, with a golden palmetto upright upon a. 

 white oval in the center thereof, and a white 

 crescent in the upper flagstaff corner of the 

 flag." Two days later a resolution was adopted 

 by the two houses providing that the white 

 medallion and golden palmetto be dispensed 

 with and in their place a white palmetto in- 

 serted. From that time to this South Carolina 

 has had a blue flag, with the white crescent 

 and the white palmetto. When the State en- 

 tered the Confederate Union its national flag 

 became the State flag, and continues such to 

 this day. In 1910 a law was made providing 

 that State flags should be manufactured in the 

 textile department of Clemson College and sold 

 at approximate cost to the people. Another 

 provision is that the State flag shall be dis- 

 played daily, except in rainy weather, from the 

 staff of the State House and every court house. 

 one building of the State University, and of 

 each State college, and upon every public- 

 school building except during vacation. Any 

 person who maltreats or desecrates a flag of 

 the State, wherever displayed, shall be guilty 

 of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction pun- 

 ished by a fine of not more than a hundred 

 dollars or imprisonment for not more than 

 thirty days. 



309. New Hampshire had no State flag au- 

 thorized and described by law until 1909. In 

 that year an act was adopted providing that 

 the flag should be blue, bearing upon its center 

 in suitable proportions and colors a representa- 

 tion of the State seal. The inscription is as 

 follows : "Sigillum Republican Neo flantoniesis 

 1784" (Seal of the Commonwealth of New 

 Hampshire). The shield is surrounded by a 

 wreath of laurel leaves with nine stars inter- 

 spersed. When used for military purposes, the 

 flag is to conform to the regulations of the 

 United States. Under this law New Hamp- 

 shire's flag is to be displayed above the State 

 House whenever the legislature is in session, 

 and during meetings of the Governor and coun- 

 cil when expedient, and upon such other occa- 

 sions as the Governor may designate. During 

 the Civil War, New Hampshire regiments car- 

 ried yellow-fringed white flags, with blue and 

 white cords and tassels, bearing on one side 

 the State coat-of-arms and on the other that 

 of the United States. 



310. Virginia's flag is of blue bunting, 

 sixteen by twenty feet, with a circular white 

 ground in the center, in which the seal of the 



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