sign of union flag). After the union of par- 

 liaments in 1707 this was the only flag officially 

 used on land over forts and public buildings in 

 the English colonies. With the addition of 

 designating numerals above a small crown at 

 the intersection of the crosses, it Became the 

 "King's Colors" for regimental troops. 



362-363. Continental and Bunker Hiee. — < 

 The illustrations show two replicas in Annap- 

 olis of flags said to have been carried at Bun- 

 ker Hill. The Trumbull painting of the battle 

 of Bunker Hill shows 362, while others show 

 363. 362 was probably formed from the Eng- 

 lish ensign, shown in 1123 (in use prior to 

 ^05 ), by omitting St. George's cross and sub- 

 stituting the pine tree, which was the symbol 

 of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (see also 391, 

 399, and 401). 363 was made by inserting a 

 pine tree in the upper left quarter of the old 

 blue English ensign's, canton (1125). 



364. This was the flag hoisted by John Paul 

 Jones on December 3, 1775, as the navy ensign 

 of the thirteen colonies, when Commodore Esek 

 Hopkins assumed command of the navy built 

 by Congress. It was also hoisted by General 

 Washington January 2, 1776, as the standard 

 3f the Continental Army and remained as our 

 national flag until the adoption of the Stars 

 and Stripes, June 14, 1777 (see history of 

 'Stars and Stripes" elsewhere in this number). 



365. Our First Navy Jack. — Hoisted De- 

 cember 3, 1775, the same day that John Paul 

 Jones hoisted 364 as the ensign of our new 

 navy and that 398 was raised at the main mast 

 as the flag of the Commander-in-Chief, Esek 

 Hopkins (see 398 and 400). 



366. Perry's Feag, Lake Erie. — At the bat- 

 tle of Lake Erie, September 10, 1813, Oliver 

 Hazard Perry, who was in command of a fleet 

 which he had been forced to construct in fever- 

 ish haste from virgin timber, unfurled from 

 his masthead this challenge to sturdy Ameri- 

 canism — the dying words of brave Captain 

 Lawrence. Under its inspiration the men 

 fought gallantly through one of the most nota- 

 ble naval engagements of the war, enabling 

 Perry at its close to send the famous message 

 to General Harrison, "We have met the enemy 

 and they are ours — two ships, two brigs, one 

 schooner, and one sloop." 



367. Although so distinguished a citizen as 

 S. F. B. Morse proposed at the outbreak of 

 the Civil War that the national flag, the Stars 

 and Stripes, should be cut in twain, the North 

 retaining the upper six and one-half stripes 

 and those stars above a diagonal line extend- 

 ing from the head of the staff to the lower 

 corner of the canton, while the South should 

 be given the lower six and a half stripes and 

 the stars below the diagonal line on the can- 

 ton, the remainder of each flag being white, 

 neither the North nor the South saw fit to fol- 

 low such a suggestion. The Stars and Stripes 

 carried by the armies of the North during the 

 last years of the Civil War had thirty-six stars 

 in the union, as shown in 367. When Lincoln 

 became President, however, there were only 

 thirty-four States, which were impersonated 

 at the inaugural ceremonies by thirty-four little 

 girls, who rode in a gaily decorated car in the 

 procession and sang to the new President, 

 "Hail, Columbia." 



366. The artillery during the Civil War car- 

 ried a standard with thirty-six stars arranged 

 three stars at the top, three at the bottom, and 

 a lay-out of thirty in six horizontal lines of 

 five stars each. It will be noticed that this 

 flag, like 367, was adopted after West Virginia 

 and Nevada had entered the Union. 



369. The design on the colors of infantry 

 regiments during the Civil War was almost a 

 counterpart of that borne on the standard of 

 the War of 1812 (see 22). It shows an eagle 

 displayed and bearing upon its breast a shield, 

 with a scroll in its beak and another below 

 it, upon which appeared the designation of 

 each regiment. Above the eagle are thirteen 

 golden stars arranged in two arcs. 



370. The regimental colors of the United 

 States artillery during the Civil War were yel- 

 low. Upon the field were centered two crossed 

 cannons with a scroll above and below bearing 

 the designation' of the regiment. 



371. This flag is the familiar "Stars and 

 Bars" of the Southern Confederacy and was 

 used from March, 1861, to May, 1863. 



372. This jack of the Confederate States 

 was made to correspond with the provisional 

 flag of the Confederacy, known as the Stars 

 and Bars. It probably was flown by ships of 

 the seceding States until 1863, when the navy 

 jack (374) was prescribed by the Secretary of 

 the Confederate Navy. 



373. This ensign was probably displayed by 

 the ships of the Confederacy from 1861 to 

 1863. 



374. The navy jack of the Southern Con- 

 federacy, used after May 1, 1863, had an ob- 

 long red field, with a blue St. Andrew's cross 

 bordered by white and having three stars on 

 each arm and one at the intersection. It was 

 merely the square canton of the second flag 

 of the Confederacy elongated, so that its 

 length was one and a half times its width. 

 The battle flag of the Confederacy during the 

 same period was like this navy jack, except 

 that- it was square, and all four of its sides 

 were bordered by a white stripe one and a half 

 inches wide. The battle flag carried by the in- 

 fantry was forty-eight inches square, that by 

 the artillery thirty-six inches, and that by the 

 cavalry thirty inches square. 



375. The national flag of the Confederacy 

 between May I, 1863, and March 4, 1865, had a 

 white field twice as long . as wide, with the 

 battle flag as its union. 



376. The Confederacy's national flag, adopt- 

 ed March 8, 1865, was the same as that adopted 

 May 1, 1863 (375), except that one-half of the 

 field between the union and the end of the fly 

 was occupied by a horizontal bar of red. 



377. Hudson's Flag. — When Henry Hud- 

 son glided into the unsailed waters of New 

 York harbor in his little Half Moon, this flag 

 was his ensign ; thus it is supposed to have been 

 one of the first European flags reflected in the 

 waters of what is now the busiest port on 

 earth. It was the flag of the Netherlands, with 

 the letters A. O. C. added to the central stripe. 

 These were the initials of the Dutch East India 

 Company, "Algemeene Oost-Indise Compagnie," 

 under whose auspices Hudson sailed. Later it 

 floated over the little huts built by the East 

 India Company on Manhattan Island for the 



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