782. Repair ships of the Netherlands fly a 

 flag with the regulation red, white, and blue 

 bars, the staff end of the red bar giving way 

 to white and forming a canton upon which is 

 placed a red anchor capped by a crown. 



783. The royal standard of Norway has a 

 red field upon which is centered a golden lion 

 rampant holding a battle-ax. 



784. Norway's ensign is red and three- 

 tailed, a blue cross edged with white extending 

 to a point between the swallow-tail. It thus 

 preserves the shape of the Swedish ensign, 

 from which it was fashioned, that ensign hav- 

 ing a yellow cross on a blue field (see S26). 



785. The merchant flag of Norway is like 

 the ensign (784), except that the swallow-tail 

 effect is omitted. 



786. The senior admiral's flag of Norway 

 consists of the ensign with the addition of a 

 saltire cross of white in the upper quarter next 

 to flagstaff. 



787. The imperial standard of Persia con- 

 sists of a blue square field with the national 

 colors in a small canton in the upper corner 

 next to the staff. In the center is a white 

 circle on which the Persian coat-of-arms ap- 

 pears, showing a lion holding a sword, a rising 

 sun in the background, and the crown of the 

 empire above the lion. The lower half of the 

 circle is bordered by a wreath. 



788. The military flag of Persia is unique 

 in that it embodies a very pale shade of green 

 and a delicate shade of pink as the upper and 

 lower hues of its tricolor. The middle stripe 

 is white and bears the Persian sword-carrying 

 lion with the sun peeping over his back. The 

 crown of the empire is imposed upon the green 

 stripe. The wreath rests upon the pink. 



789. The ensign of Persia is like the mili- 

 tary flag, except that the crown and wreath 

 above and below the lion are omitted. 



790. The merchant flag of Persia is the 

 same green, white, and pink arrangement as 

 seen in the ensign and military flag of the 

 nation, but without the Persian lion. 



791. The colors of the flag of Portugal are 

 green and red, the third of the field next the 

 staff green, and the two-thirds at the fly end 

 red. The arms of the country are centered on 

 the dividing line between the two colors. These 

 arms consist of a large silver shield upon 

 which are five small blue ones arranged in the 

 form of a cross, each of them bearing five 

 plates of silver. Around the shield is a red 

 border upon which are placed seven golden 

 castles. Alfonso I defeated five Moorish 

 princes in the historic battle of Ourique and 

 adopted the five small blue shields to com- 

 memorate his triumph. The five white spots 

 on the small shields represent the five wounds 

 of Christ, in whose strength Alfonso believed 

 lie had defeated the infidels. The red border 

 of the shield was added by Alphonse III in T252, 

 after his marriage to a daughter of the King 

 (if Castile. The circle of gold upon which the 

 shield and its border are imposed, together 

 with the green of the flag, which is that of the 

 cross and ribbon of the Knights of St. Benedict 

 of A viz, commemorate the fame of Prince 

 Henry the Navigator. 



792. The flag of the President of Portugal 

 is solid green, with the Portuguese coat-of- 

 anr.s in the center. 



793. The flag of the Governor General of 

 the provinces of Portugal is white, with a strip 

 of green placed horizontally across the field 

 and the coat-of-arms centered on it. 



794. The flag of the dependent Kingdom of 

 Poland (so nominated after the Napoleonic 

 wars) has a white field with the blue cross of 

 St. Andrew, which proclaims Russian suzer- 

 ainty. Upon the red canton is a crowned 

 spread eagle. 



795. Roumania's flag has three vertical 

 -stripes, blue next the flagstaff, yellow in the 

 middle, and red on the fly. In the standard 

 the blue and the red bars are narrow and the 

 yellow very wide. Upon the yellow is placed 

 the national coat-of-arms, a canopy of ermine 

 on which is a crowned shield. On the quar- 

 tered field of the shield appear a golden eagle 

 displayed on blue, a lion's head in gold dis- 

 played on red, a golden demilion issuing from 

 an antique crown on red, and two dolphins in 

 gold displayed on blue. There is also a small 

 shield of pretense quartered in white and black. 

 The shield is supported by golden lions ram- 

 pant. The motto, "Nihil sine Deo" (Nothing 

 without God), is below the shield on a ribbon. 

 Four crowns appear, one in each corner of the 

 flag. 



796. The Roumanian ensign is like the 

 standard, except that the three stripes are of 

 equal width, and crowns in the four corners 

 of the flag are omitted. 



797. Roumania's merchant flag is blue, yel- 

 low, and red, like the ensign, except that the 

 arms are omitted. 



798. The Roumanian coast guard flag has 

 the national colors, together with an anchor, 

 above which is a crown on the yellow stripe. 



RUSSIAN FLAGS 



799. The ensign of the Russian navy is a 

 blue cross of St. Andrew upon a field of white. 

 The Russians venerate St. x\ndrew as their 

 patron saint, believing that it was he who se- 

 cured the adoption of Christianity by their an- 

 cestors. It has been asserted that he preached 

 in Scythia. Peter the Great, under his name 

 and protection, in the year 1698, instituted St. 

 Andrew's as the most noble order of Knight- 

 hood of the Empire. St. Andrew is also the 

 patron saint of Scotland, but there the cross 

 is white upon a field of blue (see 831). 



800. The white, blue, and red horizontal 

 stripes of the Russian merchant flag are remi- 

 niscent of the day when Peter the Great was 

 learning ship-building in Holland. The Dutch 

 flag is a tricolor of red, white, and blue. Peter, 

 in making his flag, turned these colors upside 

 down, but was afterward advised that he was 

 flying the flag employed by the Dutch as a sig- 

 nal of distress and disaster. He thereupon re- 

 vised his flag, putting the white at the top and 

 the red at the bottom, with the blue between. 



801. The flag of the volunteer fleet of Rus- 

 sia is the same as the merchant flag, except 

 that there is a trumpet in the center of the blue 

 field. 



802. Russia's customs flag consists of a blue 

 field with a canton in the upper corner next 

 the staff showing the merchant flag in minia- 

 ture, while in the lower corner next the staff 

 are two combination caducei and tridents, 



crossed. 



3/6 



