905. The Friendly Islands of the South Pa- 

 cific, constituting the Protectorate of Tonga, 

 have an ensign with a red field and a white 

 canton in which appears the cross of St. 

 George. 



906. The standard of the Protectorate of 

 Tonga has a quartered field, the first and 

 fourth gold, the second red, and the third blue. 

 The first quarter bears three six-pointed stars. 

 The red quarter bears a crown. The third 

 quarter bears a flying dove. On the fourth 

 quarter are three "big sticks." Upon the center 

 is a six-pointed white star bearing a small St. 

 George's cross. 



907. The customs flag of the Protectorate 

 of Tonga consists of a field the upper part of 

 which is blue, the lower part white, with a 

 white canton, upon which is imposed the red 

 cross of St. George. On the white part of the 

 field are the initials H M C, proclaiming His 

 Majesty's Customs. 



Australia's flags 



908. The flag of the Governor General of 

 Australia is the familiar union jack bearing 

 upon the intersection of the crosses a wreath- 

 encircled, crowned star, which is the badge of 

 the Commonwealth. 



909. The star of Australia originally had six 

 points, one for each of the original States, but 

 was altered to include a point for the Northern 

 Territory. The present badge of the Common- 

 wealth is therefore a seven-pointed star, with 

 a crown above, set within a laurel wreath. 



910. The blue ensign of the Commonwealth 

 of Australia has a large seven-pointed star be- 

 low the union, and on the fly end five small 

 stars representing the Southern Cross. The 

 Southern Cross exercises a strong appeal to the 

 people south of the Equator. Even Humboldt 

 felt its influence and said that in the solitude 

 of the seas it was hailed as a friend from 

 whom he and his companions had long been 

 separated. This constellation never sets in 

 Australia (see also 835). 



911. By a warrant of the Lords Commis- 

 sioners, issued in 1903, vessels registered in 

 Australia were authorized to fly the red ensign 

 or merchant flag of Great Britain "having in 

 the center of the lower canton next the staff 

 and pointed directly to the center of the St. 

 George's Cross a white six-pointed star, indi- 

 cating the six Federated States of Australia," 

 and in the fly the Southern Cross, as in the 

 blue ensign. In 1908 the desirability of adding 

 a seventh point to the star of Australia, for 

 the Northern Territory, was recognized, and 

 merchant vessels were authorized to fly the red 

 ensign as pictured here. 



912. A blue Maltese Cross corning down 

 from the order of St. John and bearing the 

 crown of the Empire on the intersection forms 

 the badge of Queensland. 



913. New South Wales has for its badge a 

 St. George's cross on white, with the lion of 

 the British Empire on the intersection and four 

 golden stars of the southern cross on the arms. 



914. The State of Victoria in the Common- 

 wealth of Australia has for its badge a blue 

 field bearing the constellation of the southern 



cross, with the royal crown of the Empire 

 above. 



915. South Australia has made the white- 

 backed piping crow take the place of the Amer- 

 ican spread eagle on her arms. The badge of 

 that State consists of a yellow field bearing the 

 piping crow displayed. 



916. The celebrated black swan, which was 

 first discovered on western Australia's principal 

 river, since named the Swan, has served to 

 typify in the popular mind the contrariety of 

 the southern continent's flora and fauna to 

 those of the rest of the world. This bird rep- 

 resented on a circular gold field has been ap- 

 propriately chosen as the badge of western 

 Australia. 



917. A red lion passant upon a circular 

 white field serves as the design on the badge 

 of Tasmania. 



918. The badge of the territory of Papua is 

 a white disk, with the name of the territory 

 below and the crown of the British Empire 

 above. 



919. The flag of the North Borneo Company 

 is a British union jack, bearing upon its inter- 

 secting crosses a red lion, on a field of gold. 



920. Sabah, a small settlement on the Ma- 

 lacca Strait side of the Malay peninsula, and 

 included within the State of Selangor, has a 

 governor whose flag is yellow, with a red lion 

 centered, in what the exponents of heraldry 

 call a passant guardant attitude. 



921. Sarawak, a territory of some 42,000 

 square miles on the coast of Borneo, has a 

 yellow flag upon which is imposed a cross of 

 St. George, the half of which, next the staff, 

 is black instead of the regulation red. Upon 

 the intersection of this cross is superimposed a 

 crown. 



922. The flag of the Rajah of Sarawak is 

 like that of the country he rules, except that 

 the arm of the cross next the fly is split apart, 

 and each section tapered, extending to a corner 

 of the fly. In 1842 Sir James Brooke bought a 

 large territory from the Sultan of Brunei. He 

 ruled this country for a long time as the Rajah 

 of Sarawak, his nephew succeeding to the posi- 

 tion in 1868. The population of Sarawak is 

 estimated at 500,000 Malays, Dyaks, Jayans, 

 Kenyahs, Muruts, with Chinese and other set- 

 tlers. 



923. The Straits Settlements, a British col- 

 ony which comprises Singapore, Penang, and 

 Malacca, on the Strait of Malacca, has for a 

 badge a red diamond with three crowns on a 

 three-armed field of white. 



924. Labuan, which was formerly the small- 

 est colony in the British Empire, being about 

 the size of the Isle of Wight, but which has 

 since been incorporated in the Straits Settle- 

 ments colony, has a badge which shows a 

 brigantine sailing past a very high rock, beyond 

 which is rising a golden sun. 



925. The badge of Ceylon, whose authentic 

 history goes back to the 5th century B. C, 

 when an invasion of Hindus from northern 

 India established the Sinhalese dynasty, has a 

 pagoda, in front of which is an elephant. The 

 background is blue and the foreground green, 

 surrounded by a diamond-studded border of 

 red and gold. 



383 



