ment of the Empire deposed the reigning 

 Khedive, on the ground that he had adhered to 

 the King's enemies. The British protectorate 

 has been recognized by France. The new 

 Egyptian flag of red has three white crescents, 

 with the horns toward the fly, and each con- 

 taining a five-pointed white star. This flag 

 was the personal standard of the Khedive and 

 now takes the place of the former national 

 flag, which was distinguished from the Turkish 

 by having a star of five instead of six points. 



955. The flag of British East Africa is the 

 national banner of the Empire, bearing upon 

 the intersection of the crosses a red lion, ram- 

 pant, or aggressively walking forward on his 

 hind legs. A passant lion, as shown in 917, is 

 one walking ahead on all fours, with right 

 paw uplifted; encircled by a wreath. 



956. Armed vessels of the British East 

 Africa Company carry the blue ensign of 

 Britain, with the red lion of East Africa on 

 the fly. 



957. The East Africa merchant flag is of 

 the familiar red ensign type, with the red lion, 

 rampant, in a white disk on the fly. 



958. The Somaliland Protectorate in East 

 Africa has an area of about 68,000 square 

 miles ; its population is about 300,000, mostly 

 nomadic, almost entirely Mohammedan. The 

 badge of the protectorate bears the head and 

 shoulders of a Kudu, one of the antelopes of 

 that region. 



959. The Nyassaland Protectorate, which 

 was formerly known as British Central Africa, 

 with an area of 39,000 square miles and a popu- 

 lation of 1,100,000, has a badge which shows a 

 tree on a diagonal yellow, white, and black 

 background. 



g5o. Nigeria, with approximately 336,000 

 square miles, an area as large as New England 

 and Texas together, has a population of about 

 [7,000,000. In 1900 a proclamation was issued 

 which, without abolishing domestic slavery, de- 

 clared all children born after January 1, 1900, 

 free; it also forbade the removal of domestic 

 slaves for sale or transfer. The badge of this 

 protectorate has a red field, upon which are 

 imposed two interlocked triangles in the form 

 of a six-pointed star. In the center is the 

 crown of the British Empire. 



961, 962, 963. An elephant in front of a 

 palm tree, with mountains in the background, 

 forms the device of the badge of West Africa, 

 with the initials "G" for Gambia, "S. L." for 

 Sierra Leone, and "G. C." for Gold Coast, mak- 

 ing the badge representative of each of the 

 subdivisions of West Africa. 



964. St. Helena has a badge which shows 

 an Indian merchantman on a green sea, steer- 

 ing between two high cliffs. St. George's cross 

 on the ensign of the ship is reminiscent of 

 days long ago. 



565. The Governor General of the Union of 

 South Africa flies the national flag of the Brit- 

 ish Empire, with the coat-of-arms of South 

 Africa in the center. 



966. The badge of the Union of South Af- 

 rica consists of a shield quartered and showing 

 the figure of Hope for Cape Colony, two gnus 



for Natal, an orange tree for the Orange Free 

 State, and a trek wagon for the Transvaal. 

 The gnus and the orange tree are on gold, and 

 Hope and the wagon on red and green respect- 

 ively. The crest is a lion and the supporters 

 antelopes ; the motto, "In union there is 

 strength." 



967. The Union of South Africa has as its 

 official flag the blue ensign of Great Britain, 

 with the coat-of-arms, as described in 966, on 

 the fly. 



968. The merchant flag of the Union of 

 South Africa, which is made up of Cape Col- 

 ony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State, 

 is the red ensign of Britain, bearing the Union's 

 coat-of-arms in a white disk on the fly. 



969. The badge of the Cape of Good Hope 

 shows a shield bearing on red a golden lion, 

 rampant, and supported by a gnu and an ante- 

 lope. On a scroll below the shield is "Good 

 Hope" in Latin. 



970. The badge of Natal shows two gnus, 

 the odd-looking African antelopes, with the 

 imperial crown above. The export of gnu 

 hides is an important industry in Natal, and 

 the number of these animals has been greatly 

 reduced by hunting. 



971. The Orange River Colony, before it 

 became the Orange Free State of the Union, 

 had on its badge a springbok in alert attitude. 



972. Before the formation of the South Af- 

 rican Union the badge of the Transvaal showed 

 a lion, couchant, resting on the veldt. 



973. Rhodesia's badge has a blue field, with 

 a golden lion grasping an elephant's tusk in its 

 right paw. The name of this colony, as well 

 as the letters B. S. A. C. appearing below its 

 device, recalls the means by which this region 

 was secured and developed for Great Britain, 

 namely, Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa 

 Company. 



974. The High Commissioner of South Af- 

 rica has as his badge a blue disk with the ini- 

 tials S. A. H. C. and a crown above. 



975. This shows the wreath used around 

 the badges of the colonial possessions when 

 imposed upon the union jack, at the intersec- 

 tion of the crosses, to betoken the presence of 

 the colonial representative on the ship flying 

 it. There are a few notable exceptions — the 

 wreath around Canada's badge is not the regu- 

 lation laurel, but is made of maple leaves (see 

 869) ; that around New Zealand's badge con- 

 sists of two fern leaves (see 901) ; the Union 

 of South Africa has a wreath of mimosa (see 

 g56), while India's star is circled by the garter 

 which in turn is surrounded by the blazing rays 

 of a sun (see 947). When the badges are used 

 on the blue and red ensigns they are not sur- 

 rounded by wreaths, except in the case of the 

 blazing sun of India. 



976. The badge of military officers afloat, 

 as, for instance, when crossing the English 

 Channel, or when going to the Saloniki front, 

 has a blue field, upon which are inscribed in 

 gold the initials "G. R." (George Rex), sur- 

 mounted by the crown of the Empire. 



977-986. These flags are used by the various 

 British officials. 



385 



