"I departed from the Kingdom of Feradelfia 

 and went to another kingdom, called Stologo 

 (Hypsili, in Asia Minor), which contains ex- 

 tensive territory near the sea. The king has 

 for his device a red flag charged with a black 

 wheel (1114). 



"I left Stologo, traveling by land with some 

 merchants ; went across all Turquia and came 

 to the city of Sauasco (Siwas?). Leaving that 

 place I crossed a river, traveled over Jorgania 

 (Georgia) until I arrived at the Sea of Sara, 

 at a city called Deruent (Derbent). I went 

 along the shores of the Sea of Sara (Caspian). 



''I entered a great province called Roxia 

 (Russia), in which there is a city called Xor- 

 man(?), the capital of the kingdom (1115 and 

 1116). It is bounded by the great lake of 

 Tanay, which is three days' journey in length 

 and two broad (an imaginary body of water 

 in which most medieval geographers believed). 

 Three very great rivers flow from it. One of 

 these, the Nu (Dwina), bounds a great prov- 

 ince called Siccia (Scythia), a very cold coun- 

 try. In this Siccia there is a great city, the 

 capital of the kingdom, called Nogorado (Nov- 

 gorod). The king has for his device a red flag 

 with a white castle (11 17). 



"I came to Maxar, a kingdom in which there 

 are three great cities — Casama (Kazan), Lasac 

 (Lechel, in the province of Kazan), and Mons- 

 caor (Moscow). This King of Maxar (Oren- 

 burg) has for his device a purple flag with 

 white stars (1118). 



"From Maxar I went to the Kingdom of 

 Siluana, which they call Septen Castra, and the 

 Greeks call it Horgiml (Transylvania). It is 

 encircled by two great rivers — the Turbo 



(Dniester) and the Lusim (Dnieper). The 

 king has for his device a green flag with a red 

 scimitar (1119). The people are schismatic 

 Christians. 



THE MIDNIGHT SUN 



"Ascending the river Tir (Dniester) toward 

 the north, there are two very large provinces 

 called Yrcania and Gotia (northern Russia), 

 whence the Goths came forth who entered 

 Spain. It is called the land of Nogulaus. The 

 people are strong and warlike, but their coun- 

 try is very cold. This Gotia and Yrcania 

 march with the lofty mountains of Trasmon- 

 tana (mountains of Norway). 



"In these mountains the north star is seen in 

 the middle of the heavens, and throughout the 

 year there is daylight for six months and 

 night for six months. It is uninhabited, yet 

 they say that men are met with whose heads 

 come out of their shoulders, having no necks 

 whatever. Their beards are on their breasts, 

 and their ears reach to the shoulders. There 

 are also found in this land very great bears 

 and wild beasts, as I have already related. 

 These two provinces of Yrcania and Gotia 

 were peopled by the Godos, who came from 

 the closed Tartaria, from the castle of Got and 

 Magot (Gog and Magog), when they deliber- 

 ated on the siege of Alexandre and the con- 

 quest of the greater part of the world (device 

 of Yrcania — 1120). 



"I went to Flanders, and from there to Se- 

 ville, the city from which I first started." 



Thus ends the recital of the Francis- 

 can's wanderings. 



PENNANTS OF PATRIOTISM 200 YEARS AGO 



(Nos. 1123-1197) 



PROBABLY John Beaumont, an 

 English author who lived during 

 the last half of the seventeenth cen- 

 tury, had never heard of the anonymous 

 Franciscan friar who wrote his '"Book of 

 Knowledge" (see page 388) about the year 

 1350; and yet Beaumont has left to pos- 

 terity a work on nations and their flags 

 which strangely parallels the book of the 

 Spanish churchman, save that whereas 

 the latter's volume is beautifully hand 

 illumined with the colored coats-of-arms 

 of the nations of earth in his day, the 

 Englishman relies upon somewhat crude 

 black and white copper plates, with the 

 letters R (red), W (white), Y (yellow), 

 etc., chiseled out to indicate the colors. 



The flags reproduced on page 371 of 

 this issue of the Geographic have been 

 prepared in colors, in large measure 

 from the black and white drawings which 

 Beaumont included in the third edition of 



his book, published by John Motte in 

 London in the year 1701. The full title 

 of the work is : 



"The Present State of the Universe, or 

 an Account of the Rise, Birth, Names, 

 Matches, Children, and near Allies of all 

 the present Chief Princes of the World. 

 Their Coats of Arms, Mottos, Devices, 

 Liveries, Religions, and Languages. The 

 Names of their Chief Towns, with some 

 Computation of the Houses and Inhabit- 

 ants. Their Chief Seats of Pleasure, and 

 other Remarkable things in their Do- 

 minions. Their Revenues, Power, and 

 Strength. Their respective Styles and 

 Titles, or Appellations. Also An Account 

 of Common- Wealths, relating to the same 

 Heads. The Third edition continu'd and 

 enlarg'd, with the Effigies of all the 

 Crown'd Heads of Europe ; as also the 

 various Bearings of their several Ships 

 at Sea." 



399 



