THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



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west. Camp Devens' average tempera- 

 ture is 47 and it has an average of 200 

 cloudless days a year. 



The smallest except one of the 16 can- 

 tonments, Camp Devens is larger than 

 the neighboring cities of Taunton, Wal- 

 tham, Quincy, and Pittsfield, being in a 

 class with Fitchburg and Newton. 



The men who get camp leave are in 

 easy reach of many places famous in 

 American history. Concord and Lexing- 

 ton, Cambridge and Charleston, and a 

 hundred other places are there to stir 

 men's souls to the spirit of the hour, and 

 to enable officers to say in 1917 what Cap- 

 tain Davis said in 1775, in America's first 

 battle for liberty against a German king : 

 "I haven't a man that's afraid to go." 



Camp Devens is named in honor of 

 Brig. Gen. Charles Devens, a native of 

 Massachusetts, whose distinguished serv- 

 ices before Richmond in the Civil War 

 brought him the brevet rank of major 

 general. He was Attorney General of 

 the United States under President Hayes. 



CAMP UPTON 



Camp Upton, which houses the Na- 

 tional Army troops from the metropoli- 

 tan district of New York City, is situated 

 in the very heart of Long Island, about 

 half way between Brooklyn and Mon- 

 tauk Point and equidistant from the 

 sound and sea. It is on the Long Island 

 Railroad, between the villages of Yap- 

 "hank and Manorville. The region around 

 the camp affords the usual Long Island 

 scenery — a broad, open, level landscape, 

 with many flourishing villages and well- 

 kept country places. 



Between New York and Camp Upton 

 lies what has been pronounced the most 

 intensely cultivated region in the United 

 States. The soil is rather poor, but the 

 proximity of the greatest market in the 

 country makes this region a medium par 

 excellence for transforming sun and soil, 

 fertilizer and water, into market vege- 

 tables. At no point on Long Island is 

 there an elevation of more than 391 feet 

 and the temperature rarely falls below 

 zero and seldom goes above 90, owing 

 to the tempering influences of the sea. 

 Snow usually lasts for a few days only, 

 and the spring temperature is nearly al- 



ways 5 degrees above that of the main- 

 land. It ranks third among the canton- 

 ments and camps in the number of cloud- 

 less days, having an average of 188 a 

 year. 



Camp Upton is situated in a striking 

 region. The whole island is founded on 

 rock, although it outcrops only at Long 

 Island City and Astoria. During the 

 glacier age a vast sheet of ice from five 

 to ten thousand feet in thickness flowed 

 out from the region of the Great Lakes 

 and shaved a pathway to the sea, in a 

 southeasterly direction, overflowing the 

 highest mountains of New York and 

 New England, as is shown by the fact 

 that to this day evidences of its eroding 

 passage are to be found on the summits 

 of these mountains. 



Before this moving mass of ice all life 

 disappeared. The glacier moved very 

 slowly, perhaps not more than 100 feet a 

 year, or a mile in 50 years. After a jour- 

 ney lasting 25,000 years, it reached the 

 ocean and the vast wall of ice stretched 

 across the Atlantic border from New Jer- 

 sey to the Arctic Sea. 



A huge mass of earth and rocky debris, 

 known as the terminal moraine, piled up 

 in front of the glacier. The ice melted 

 and the debris, which had been scraped 

 from the mountains, was dropped, a por- 

 tion of it now forming the backbone of 

 Long Island. Again the ice advanced, 

 going just a little farther the second time, 

 and the second range of hills was formed, 

 extending from near Huntington to Mon- 

 tauk Point and Block Island, and includ- 

 ing the region surrounding the site of 

 Camp Upton. Much of the debris of this 

 second melting was in the form of a very 

 thick mud, which flowed southward to- 

 ward the sea and formed the present 

 slightly sloping and very fertile plains of 

 the island. 



There are historical associations on 

 Long Island as interesting as its geologi- 

 cal history. At Easthampton stands the 

 house in which the man who wrote the 

 hymn common to the English-speaking 

 world, "Home, Sweet Home," was born — 

 John Howard Payne. This cottage is a 

 modest structure, standing on the main 

 street near the center of the village. 



At Huntington, not many miles from 



