376 



FOREST AND STREAM 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 



D ^w^ T0FxELB AND a QUatio Sports, PfacticalNatural History, 

 f^rT TT ^ T T TJRE > THE Protection op Game, Preservation or Forests, 

 aitb the Inculcation in Men and Women of a healthy interest 

 os Out-door Kbcrsation and Study : 



PUBLISHED BY 



■jgortxt mi gtrmq §ublhhmg §ampitng, 



AT 



11 CHATHAM STREET, (CITY HALL SQUARE) NEW YORK, 



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Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly in Advance. 



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In regular advertising columns, nonpareil type, 12 lines to the inch, 25 

 Cents per line. Advertisements on outside page, 40 cents per line. Reading 

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 extra. Where advertisements are inserted over 1 month, a discount of 

 10 per cent, will be made; over three months, 20 per cent; over six 

 months, 30 per cent. 



NEW YOKK, THURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1876. 



To Correspondents. 



All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 

 Correspondence, must be addressed to The Eorest and Stream Pub- 

 lishing Company. Personal or private letters of course excepted. 



All communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 

 real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 

 objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 



Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 



We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 



Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 

 notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 

 to become a medium of useful and reliable information between gentle- 

 men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other ; and they will 

 find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 



The Publishers of Forest and Stream aim to merit and secure the 

 patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re- 

 fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 

 is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 

 the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 

 tend to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise- 

 ment or business notice of an immoral character will be received on any 

 terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department of the paper that 

 may not be read with propriety in the home circle. 



We cannot be responsible for the dereliction of the mail service, if 

 money remitted to us is lost. 



Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 



CHARLES 11 ALLOCR, Editor. 



WILLIAM C. HARRIS, Business Manager. 



THE INTER -COLLEGIATE RIFLE 

 MATCH. 



THE interest in rifle shooting, which culminated last 

 year with the victories of the American Team 

 abroad, remains unabated. Indeed, it is probable that 

 during this Centennial year many matches will be shot in 

 . this country which are likely to awaken an enthusiasm 

 but little, if any, short of that which greeted the news 

 from Dolly mount. The avowed intention of Sir Henry 

 Halford to visit us with his picked team of British rifle- 

 men, the selection of a range near Philadelphia, and the 

 increase — a notable feature in itself — of galleiies for short 

 range shooting, the schools for riflemen, all indicate that 

 during the coming season there will be fifty crack shots 

 where one could be found two years ago. 



Among the most important matches of the year will be 

 the Inter-Collegiate match, for which this paper do- 

 nates a valuable piece of plate, or work of art, as a prize, 

 and we are pleased to note the interest with which our 

 proposition has been received, both by the colleges and the 

 press. The Syracuse Standard, a paper which has done 

 much to further the rifle movement, thinks that "a mil- 

 itary organization in every college in the country, which 

 should teach its members the rudiments of tactics, would 

 be a good and useful thing, and perhaps such an organiza- 

 tion, which some feeble and fitful efforts have been made by 

 Government to provide, can only be maintained under the 

 pressure of emulation, which college rifle matches furnish." 

 Some years since a bill was passed detailing an officer 

 of the army to each college to instruct the students in tac- 

 tics, but we believe nothing ever came of it. At the South, 

 however, in many of the colleges, such as that at Lexing- 

 ton, Va., William and Mary, and others, there has always 

 been a certain amount of military instruction, the result of 

 which, perhaps, made itself felt in the late war. And, 

 after all, what is West Point but a college in which mili- 

 tary drill and discipline are preeminent. On the present 

 occasion, however, we are not arguing for a military 

 course in our colleges generally, but for the formation of 

 rifle clubs, the result of which will be as productive of 

 recreation and permanent benefit as boating, without the 

 risks of training. The journal before alluded to gives the 

 following interesting description of the English college 

 and public school matches:— 



"Public school matches are among the most popular of 

 the many team competitions at Wimbledon, England. 

 There are on the programme there, four collegiate matches, 



and in all these matches military rifles are called for. The 

 Chancellor's Challenge Plate was instituted in 1862, within 

 two years after the establishment of the English National 

 Rifle Association. The plate was given by the Duke of 

 Devonshire and hj the late Earl of Derby for annual com- 

 petition between the volunteers of the Oxford and Cam- 

 bridge University Corps. There are eight competitions on 

 each side. The distances fired over are 200, 500, and 600 

 yards, seven shots each. From 1862 to 1870 inclusive the 

 long Eufield was required, but now the three-groove long 

 Snider, of 577 bore, is called for. The Chancellor's Plate 

 is fought for by teams of eight from each university. The 

 great interest, however, centres about the Ashburton Chal- 

 lenge Shield, competitors restricted to public schools hav- 

 ing enrolled or unenrolied volunteer corps. The trophy 

 was given in 1871 by Lord Ashburton, and has been com- 

 peted for with much spirit ever since. Each school sends 

 eleven representatives, who fire seven shots at 200 and 500 

 yards. The rifles allowed are those in use at the school, 

 provided they are of military pattern and employ the Na- 

 tional Rifle Association ammunition. At 200 yards a 

 standing and at 500 yards any position is permitted. Each 

 "eleven" pays an entrance fee of $5. The competion for 

 many years lay between Eton, Rugby, and Harrow, but the 

 other schools have come to the front and passed the old fa- 

 vorites. Marlborough, Winchester, Cheltenham, Rossall, 

 Derby, and Charterhouse have all taken part. The com- 

 petiors are dressed in neat uniforms. The winning schools 

 have been: 1861, Rugby; 1862, Harrow; 1863, Eton; 1864- 

 '67, Harrow; 1868, Eton; 1869 70, Harrow; 1871-73, Win- 

 chester; 1874, Marlborough; 1875, Harrow. The Public 

 Schools Veterans match was started in 1874 for the amuse- 

 ment of the 'old boys.' It is open to former pupils of 

 the public schools, five men from each, firing at 200 yards, 

 ten shots per man. Charterhouse and Westminster clubbed 

 their force in 1875, and took the prize, six other schools 

 competing. In 1867, with seven teams in the match, Rug- 

 by lead with 217 points to the possible 250. The rifle used 

 is the Snider, and the prizes are a silver N. R. A. tankard 

 to each member of the successful squad." 



There are various ways in which the Inter-Collegiate 

 match can be assisted by those who are more particularly 

 interested in the colleges themselves. One is by the dif- 

 ferent alumni offering small prizes, such as badges to be 

 shot for by the clubs, either in the competitions for places 

 on the team which is to represent the college in the match, 

 or in general practice. Something of this kind to arouse 

 a spirit of emulation is necessary. Had it not been for the 

 prizes offered by the N. R. A. at Creedmoor, the Amateur 

 Rille Club never would have produced an American Team. 

 The Faculty of each college should also be interested, 

 and upon their application the Government would un- 

 doubtedly issue the requisite number of Springfield rifles; 

 or the various State authorities would provide the State 

 arms. Gen. Townsend, the Adjutant General of this 

 State, than whom no one is more interested in rifle prac- 

 tice, would probably interest himself also in this match, 

 and we have no doubt that an application to him would 

 meet with immediate response. In fact, it is to Gen. 

 Townsend that we are mainly indebted for Creedmoor. It 

 was upon his fiat that the question of the purchase rested, 

 and the result of his far-sightedness is the magnificent 

 record of our riflemen. Maine has already furnished one 

 hundred breech-loading rifles of the regulation pattern, 

 for the use of the students of the State College at Orono, 

 in their military drill. Prof. Chaplin is an accomplished 

 drill master, and the students are very proficient in mili- 

 tary tactics. 



That some of our colleges have taken hold of the sub- 

 ject of this match energetically there can be no doubt, and 

 we hear of the college rifle clubs looking around among 

 their graduates for suitable men to coach them. Colum- 

 bia claims Col. Gildersleeve, and Williams will probably 

 call on Mr. Orange Judd, one of our most practical rifle- 

 men and expert shots. Other able men will, no doubt, ap- 

 pear in due time. With regard to the prize to be shot for, 

 we are as yet undecided between a solid silver tankard, or 

 a work of art, such as an antique or bronze. We are in- 

 clined to the latter, as it will not require to be locked in a 

 safe every night, or be a constant source of anxiety to the 

 owner. We propose that the value of this prize shall be 

 in the neighborhood of Five Hundred Dollars. 



We have another proposition to make to collegians in 

 this connection which maybe worthy of their attention. 

 To the college rifle club, a member of which will furnish 

 us with the best appropriate design for a vase, or shield, 

 we will present a gold badge, to be shot for among them- 

 selves; said design to be engraved and printed in this pa- 

 per as soon as accepted, due credit being given to the de- 

 signer. 



We shall be glad if the officers of college clubs already 

 formed will put themselves in communication with us, as 

 there are many points in the programme, as yet only out- 

 lined, which may require alteration to meet unforseen con- 

 tingencies. College authorities generally have been so 

 liberal in boating and other matches that we feel certain 

 of their support in a project which promises all of the 

 eclat without some of the drawbacks of other Inter-Colle- 

 giate contests. The rivalry in rifle shooting appears to be 

 of a more generous nature than that which accompanies 

 most trials of skill or strength. Proficiency also becomes, 

 as it were, a benefit to the whole community, instead of to 

 the individual alone, and the man who may lack the lungs 

 or muscles to excel as a sculler or an athlete, may yet feel 

 all the joys of victory by cultivating his eye and nerve. 

 -**•»- — ■ 



A Pocket Pife Pick. — Messrs. Walker & Welch, of 

 Buffalo, are manufacturing a little article which will be 

 found of service by all smokers. This combines a pick 

 and spoon for cleansing the pipe, and a stopper or press 

 that is much handier for pressing down the tobacco than 

 the finger. It is pretty to look at, and cheap, too— only 

 costs fifty cents, j| 



THE BRIGHTON AQUARIUM. 



TRUTH is stranger than fiction. It would be only 

 another version of this familiar maxim to say that 

 the domain of science and nature is more wonderful than 

 the realms of the imagination. A visit to the Brighton 

 Aquarium show r s that all one has ever read in fiction or 

 romance of the mysteries that "the deep unfathomed caves 

 of ocean bear" is a truthful story. There one realizes 

 that the fanciful pictures of Victor Hugo or Jules Verne 

 are only photographs from nature. There one is enabled 

 to visit comfortably, and without putting on a Boyton's 

 patent diving dress, even without an umbrella— perhaps 

 the only place in England that one can go without it— the 

 mysterious chambers of Davy Jones' Locker, and return 

 from that bourne alive and with dry clothes. But it was 

 my intention to give you only some practical information 

 about this magnificent aquarium, which ought to rank as 

 one of the wonders of the world. 



As long ago as 1866 the Brighton Aquaiium was pro- 

 posed by Mr. E. Birch its engineer, he having seen a simi- 

 lar, but much smaller one at Boulogne. It is now the 

 largest one in the world. But it was not until the autumn 

 of 1869 that the work was entered upon. At Easter, 1872, 

 it was provisionally opened, and in August of that year it 

 was inaugurated with great ceremony on the occasion of 

 the meeting of the British Association of Science at 

 Brighton. Distinguished personages from the four quar- 

 ters of the globe were present, including the ex-Emperor 

 and Empress of the French, the King and Queen of the 

 Belgians, the Japanese Embassadors, theKawabof Bengal, 

 the Patriarch of Autioch, the Bishop of Jerusalem, and 

 many others, showing the great interest that was taken in 

 this novel enterprise. The aquarium is situated close to 

 the chain pier at the end of the Marine Parade, or fashion- 

 able drive and promenade of Brighton, and is sunk much 

 below the natural surface of the ground. Entering at the 

 western end, through a beautiful gateway of Oriental arch- 

 itecture, above which is a tower with an illuminated clock, 

 the visitor finds himself at the top of a flight of granite 

 steps twenty feet in width, leading to the entrance court 

 sixty feet by forty feet. The front elevation of the build- 

 ing is eighteen feet high, and consists of five arches with 

 terra cotta columns and enrichments. On the frieze round 

 the sides is this appropriate inscription. "And God said 

 let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creatures 

 that hath life." From this outer court the entrance hall, 

 which is eighty feet by forty-five feet, is approached 

 through three doors. This hall is furnished with reading 

 tables, and is supplied with the serials, journals, and tele- 

 grams of the day . 



The first sensation on entering this beautiful and spacious 

 hall is the silence that pervades the place. All the familiar 

 noises of the upper world have ceased. Long vistas 

 stretch before the eye, walled by the pale green water of 

 the sea, ending in rocky grottoes and cascades. To in- 

 creases the bewilderment, strains of distant music fall on 

 the ear, and at intervals the sharp bark of the sea lion is 

 heard, and, were it not for the presence of a few visitors 

 sitting about in this entrance hall, prosaically reading the 

 newspapers, one might imagine he had suddenly plunged 

 into the realms of old Neptune. The architecture of the 

 interior may be said to be a composition of Italian and 

 Oceanic. Strong iron columns support the structure, but 

 there are many other columns of terra cotta, whose capi« 

 tols are moulded with figures of mermaids, Naiads, dol- 

 phins, etc., and friezes and bands of shells and coral run 

 around the sides. The roof is constructed of variegated 

 bricks, is grained, and rests upon columns of Bath stone, 

 serpentine, marble and Scotch granite. On each side of 

 the main corridors the tanks, forty-one in number, are 

 placed. These vary in size from forty to one hundred 

 feet in height. The largest holds 110,000 gallons of sea 

 water. The plate glass of the front is one inch in thick- 

 ness. The sides and back of the tanks are formed of 

 artificial rockwork, but looking wonderfully real with its 

 overgrowth of mosses, shells, and aquatic plants. The 

 bottom is covered with fine clean gravel. The light to the 

 tanks is admitted from above, and is so disposed that the 

 fish cannot see the spectator, and therefore is not disturbed 

 by his presence. The finny prisoner rests or swims near 

 the glass wholly unconscious of the observation and criti- 

 cism that he is undergoing, so that one sees the fish as he 

 appears at his own fireside, so to speak. Thus a big cod- 

 fish, or a huge conger eel comes swimming toward you as 

 you stand looking into his tank, working his mouth in a 

 most ominous manner, as if he was hungry and had pre- 

 daceous designs on the end of your nose, when, in fact, he 

 is not aware of its inviting proximity. Owing to the ar- 

 rangement of the light, and partly to the obscurity of the 

 water, there is a deceptive appearance of vastness to the 

 tanks. They are in reality about ten feet from front to 

 rear, the rockwork drawing to a point at the back, but to 

 the looker on they seem like the vast and mysterious caves 

 of the ocean. The tanks are lighted by gas at night, by 

 jets suspended over the water. At the end of the eastern 

 corridor is a large conservatory, one side of which is com- 

 posed of artistic rockwork, a fernery, and a picturesque 

 cascade. Here, also, the band plays at times during the 

 day. On one side of this conservatory is a large open tank 

 in the floor, now devoted to seals, and on the other side 

 are six octagonal tables, of elegant design, for the exhibi- 

 tion of some of the smaller and more rare marine animals; 

 and at the eastern extremity apparatus showing the hatch- 

 ing and development of salmon and trout. In another 

 place are a series of microscopes, under which are placed 



