FOREST AND STREAM. 



389 



—so it was determined by Myers, the verterinary surgeon, 

 to try an experiment, an expedient — in sliorl a 'kill or 'cure' 

 remedy. So, two months ago, he made an incision in the 

 animal's throat, and inserted a silver tube in the windpipe 

 to facilitate breathing, leaving a sort of artificial nostril at 

 the point of insertion. The device works like a charm, 

 the terrible wheezing has ceased, the incision has healed up 

 beautifully, and the horse is doing his full days' work, and 

 eats his full allowance. The silver throat can be removed 

 and replaced at will for cleansing, but it is so arranged as 

 not to get out of place or cause any inconvenience to the 

 horse. 



-<►•-•« 



Queen Bees. — Means for raising queens are to be found 

 in hives throughout the greater part of the year, and this 

 is a wise and most beneficent provision against accident or 

 sudden death to the important personage on whose life 

 the welfare of the bee community depends, for as soon as 

 the absence of the common mother is discovered, pro- 

 ceedings are at once instituted for supplying her place. 

 By common consent, certain larvse are fixed upon for 

 royal honors, and around them are built large cradles with 

 thick walls of wax. But these cradles do not take a hori- 

 zontal position, like common bee cells— they project from 

 the combs, and hang perpendicularly, with their mouths 

 downward. When made on the face of the combs, all 

 other cells around them are destroyed; but where natural 

 swarming is allowed, they are generally suspended like 

 stalactites from the edges. Now this mode of rearing 

 royalty— so different from the method employed in raising 

 workers— has caused considerable speculation, and the 

 question has been asked — why are queens placed in sus- 

 1 pended cells, and made, as it were, to stand on their heads? 

 and for what purpose are their ceils loaded with far more 

 jelly ihan they can consume? 



We think a reason can be given. In the first place, there 

 is not room for large horizontal cells between the combs; 

 and in the second place, if a cell for the purpose of isola- 

 tion requires to be lengthened and bent into a new posi- 

 tion, the bees find it more easy, because more natural for 

 them, to build it downward. The position of the cell, 

 though turned upside down, does not affect in the least the 

 embryo. We believethe late Dr. Leitch, of Monomail, was 

 the first to intimate to the public the fact of heat playing an 

 important, if not the prime part in the evolution of queens. 

 It is really the case that princesses require a much higher 

 temperature for their development than common bees. 



And what js rather curious, bees can command this 

 higher temperature whenever they please! They can ele- 

 vate the degree of heat in any part of the hive, and local- 

 ize or confine the heat to that particular place. Thus, if a 

 piece of comb requires mending, the temperature must be 

 raised before they can manipulate it, but they can raise a 

 circle of heat around the breakage, and keep the heat there 

 within a limited sphere. 



They can do the same thing to a queen cell. Having 

 isolated it from other cells, they inclose it in a halo of 

 caloric, two or three inches in diameter, and the heat in 

 the halo is much greater than in any other part of the hive. 

 In a uni comb hive, a distinct warm spot on the glass op- 

 posite the queen's cell can be felt by the hand. 



The thick waxen walls of the cradle are designed to aid 

 the bees in maintaining an equable temperature around its 

 inmate, and prevent danger from rapid or easy chilling. 



The superfluous jelly filling the bottom of the cell is put 

 in for the purpose of bringing the larva forward to a posi- 

 tion where it can be properly attended to, and its softness 

 serves to keep the tender nursling from injury. All these 

 things have the most perfect fitness. — English Agricultural 

 G-azette. 



.*»-*•- 



Sheep Feeding. — Sheep lequire during the long winter 

 some soft, pultaeeous food to take the place of succulent 

 grasses. More diseases and losses are occasioned by an en- 

 tire change from soft, succulent food to dry hay than from 

 too close herding, though the latter is often very injurious. 

 The best English feeders do not suffer a tithe of the losses 

 of the average of ours. They feed roots, which may be 

 considered grass laid up for winter use; they also feed 

 much oil-cake, which has a very similar affect on the sys- 

 tem of most herbiverous animals as grass. American 

 farmers have not yet generally adopted root-culture, and, 

 therefore, are not prepared to adopt the English practice 

 in this respect; but they may use a small quantity of oil- 

 cake, at a less rate of cost than the English farmer, for we 

 export many thousand tons which ought to be used at 

 home. When large feeds of Indian corn are added to dry 

 hay, it only increases the difficulty, for corn is a very fat- 

 tening and heating food, and thus excites a feverish state 

 of the system. We would not discard corn as a sheep- 

 food, but would always feed with it some laxative elements, 

 as roots, bran and oil-meal. One pound to ten sheep, per 

 day, is sufficient to modify the effects of dry food. This 

 would only require one ton for 100 sheep 200 days, and it 

 will lay on more value of wool and mutton than it costs, 

 besides improving the health of the sheep. — Live Stock 

 Journal. 



■ : — -**-*♦- ■ 



To Tell the Age op Sheep.— A lamb has eight small 

 teeth on the lower jaw, called the sucking teeth. When 

 it comes one year old past the two center ones come out, 

 and two wide ones fill their places. Thus they change, 

 two coming out yearly until they are four years old past, 

 at which time they have a full set of these wide, short 

 teeth, setting closely together. After this they grow long 

 and narrow, and in time will loosen and fall out. Sheep 

 will do well as long as these teeth remain firm, so they can 

 feed in summer, We have known the native or coarse 

 sheep to live and do well until fifteen years of age.— N. T. 

 tribune. 



ANNOTJNCEMNT. 



h$ Mmml. 



ADAPTING SPORTING DOGS. 



Gen. Geo. A, Custer, The brilliant cavalry officer, has 



for a long time been thinking of preparing an account of his most ex- 

 citing and interesting adventures in army life. He has been strongly 

 advised to do eo by Gen. Sherman and others. 



^ Gen. Custer was engaged in every battle fonght by the Army of the 



i'oLomac, except Fredericksburg, and has perhaps seen as much of the 



■_ng and adventurous in the late was- as any general living. These 



:s will begin in the February or March number of "The Galaxy. 11 



IN our last issue the subject of the purchase and sale of 

 sporting dogs was discussed. This is a matter of very 

 great importance to those who are compelled to purchase 

 broken dogs, and in the hope of being able to impress upon 

 the minds of such persons the necessity of applying their 

 best efforts in order to make the dog useful, and a comfort 

 to shoot over, we make the following suggestions. In the 

 first place, it should be understood that there is no such 

 thing as breaking a dog so perfectly that when he goes 

 into the hands of a stranger, he will at once go to work 

 and obey him as he did his breaker or former master. Be- 

 fore a purchaser takes his dog to the field, he should first 

 surely get the dog to know his person and voice. This 

 can be done in the course of two or three days, if reasona- 

 ble skill and a little patience is exercised . 



The purchaser upon receiving his dog, instead of at once 

 turning him over to another to feed and take care of, should 

 by all means take charge of and feed him himself, and 

 then, as soon as it is safe to let him loose from the chain, 

 walk out with him and by gentle coercion and kindness let 

 the dog know he has got a new master and must obey. If 

 he is taken to the field before he knows his master there 

 are ten chances to one that he will behave badly, and by 

 bunglers be condemned. 



When a dog changes hands he will attach himself to the 

 first person who treats him kindly, consequently it is very 

 important that when a purchaser gets his dog, he should 

 see to it, that he does not attach himself to any other per- 

 son: and then too, when the dog is first taken to the field 

 to be shot over, he should by all means be taken out alone, 

 as no skillful shooter would expect a dog in a strange place 

 and among strange dogs to do well. Generally working a 

 dog alone carefully a single day, or even half a day, will 

 get him started all right and save a "heap" of trouble and 

 vexation. It is wonderful to see what stupidity is 

 frequently manifested in the management of strange 

 dogs. Two or three cases have recently come^un- 

 our notice. One gentleman had a brace of broken 

 setters turned over to him, which were turned over to 

 to the care of a servant. After a few days he took them off 

 for a shoot, taking both to the field at the same time, al- 

 though they had never been worked together, and besides, 

 he went out with three other gentlemen, each having a 

 dog, making four shooters and five dogs, and the result 

 was, the brace of dogs alluded to were condemned by the 

 whole party. The three other dogs were in the hands of 

 their owners, who had shot over them for a long time, and 

 they may have done well. Now any oue who would ex- 

 pect a brace of dogs to do well under such circum stances, 

 knows just as much about such things as a dog 

 knows about the Greek alphabet. Another instance we 

 would mention of unskillful management. An acquain- 

 ance of ours purchased an exceedingly fine young setter, 

 just from the hands of one of the best breakers in the 

 country, the dog, well broken and staunch, and under per- 

 fect control with his breaker, but his new master took him 

 out for a day's shooting, and afterwards said he found 

 him unsteady and not disposed to obey, and being asked 

 if he punished the dog for his disobedience, his reply 

 was, "he had no whip." Now, in our opinion, to under- 

 take to work a strange young dog of that kind, and under 

 such circumstances without a whip, is about as reasonable 

 as it would be take a horse on the track for a trotting race 

 to drive him without lines. As we have before said, if 

 those gentlemen who purchase broken dogs to shoot over, 

 could be impressed with the necessity of exercising good 

 judgment in the management of them there would be no 

 difficulty in purchasing good, staunoh, well broken dogs. 



In consequence of the mismanagement, of so many per- 

 sons, who purchase dogs, one of the best dealers of our 

 acquaintance will not sell a dog to any one unless he knows 

 to a certainty that the purchaser has skill and will exer- 

 cise it. One of the best breakers of our acquaintance will 

 not break a dog for a stranger for fear the dog will go 

 into the hands of a bungler and the dog be condemned. 

 . -#>♦•*- 



—Exhibitors at the Chicago Show this week will have 

 an opportunity to visit Detroit also, where a Bench Show 

 is to be held on the 81st inst., in connection with the 

 fifth annual fair of the Michigan State Poultry Association. 

 At this fair there will be an exhibition of cats, and also 

 one of fish, under the direction of the State Fish Commis- 

 sioners, valuable prizes being #ffered for the best displays, 

 and also for essays on pisciculture. 



Cockers.— We are in receipt of a letter from Mr. M. P. 

 McKoon, of Franklin, Delaware county, New York, in- 

 closing photographs of a pair of stylish English cocker 

 spaniels, from which he expects to breed some stock — 

 weight of dog, twenty-nine and three-quarter pounds; 

 bitch, twenty-nine pounds. 



— , «*-»-** ■ 



The Field Trial Derby.— There are one hundred and 

 one entries of setters and pointers for the Field Trial 

 Derby for puppies born in 1875, to be tried on partridges at 

 Horseheath, Luiton, Cambridgeshire, (England,) about the 

 end of April. Laveracks are well represented, Mr. T. B. 

 Bowers having seven, the get of Blue Prince, Bandit, and 

 Banda. Rock II, the Birmingham winner is in, and a 

 number of pointers of Mr. Whitehouse's strain. Mr. R. 

 Lloyd Price ha3 eighteen representatives of his kennel en- 

 gaged, 



—A paper has been published by Dr. Birch of the Brit- 

 ish Museum, on different breeds of dogs known to the 

 Egyptians, as depicted in the drawings on the walls of 

 tombs. He finds that the variations of the animal were as 

 well marked then as now. Here's a chance for a pedigree. 



—Dr. J. B. Alexander, of Henderson, Ky., has purchased 

 the puppy Kaiser, out of the imported Irish setter bitch 

 Kitty, by her own sire Plunket. 



Kennel Pboduoe.— At Cambridge, Mass., on the 16th, John Nes- 

 bitt's lemon and white Belle dropped six whelps, all lemon and white, 

 to Luther Adams' imported Rock. We have "great expectations" of 

 this stock, as Belle is first class, and Rock is making his mark as a stock 

 dog.— Under Grip. 



\m and Mivtr 



FISH IN SEASON IN JANUARY. 



SOUTHERN WATERS. 



Pompano, Trachynotm carolmus. Grouper, Upinephelpus nlgrltus, 

 Drum (two species.) - Family Scice- Trout (black bass,) Centroprlstte 



nidca. atrarius. 



Kingfish, Menticirrm nebulosus. Striped Bass or Rockfish, Eoccus 

 Sea Bass, Scicenops ocettatus. lineatus. 



Sheepshead, Archosargus probato- Tailorfish, Pomatomvs saUatrix. 



cephalus. Black bass, Micropterus salmold€S\ 



Snapper, Lutjanus caxus, M. nigricans. 



Fish in Market. — The supply of fish continues abund- 

 ant, owing to the open season, and with some of the finer 

 descriptions at only half the price of beef, poor people 

 ought to be thankful for having such an article of diet 

 brought within their means. We quote: striped bass, from 

 the Mirimichi, 25 cents per pound; smelts, from Maine, 

 15 to 20 cents; blue-fish have gone so far South as to be 

 beyond the reach of our fishermen, refrigerated fish are 

 worth 15 cents; salmon, frozen, 50 cents; mackerel, 20 

 cents each; shad are worth from 60 cents each for Savan- 

 nah fish, to $1.25 for those taken on the .North Carolina 

 coast; white-perch, 18 cents per pound; Spanish mackerel, 

 45 cents; frost-fish, 8 cents; halibut, 20 cents; haddock, 8 

 cents; cod-fish, 8 cents; black-fish, 18 cents; flounders, 10 

 cents; eels, 15 to 20 cents; sheepshead, 25 cents; white- 

 fish, 18 cents; pickerel, 15 cents; sun-fish, 10 cents; yel- 

 low-perch, 10 cents; salmon-trout, 20 cents; black bass, 

 20 cents; ciscoes, 10 cents; green turtle, 20 cents; terra- 

 pins, $12 per dozen; scollops, $1 per gallon; lobsters, 10 

 cents per pound; soft clams, 30 to 60 cents per 100; hard 

 crabs, $5 per 100; soft crabs, 75 cents per dozen; pompano, 

 $1 per pound. 



— One of the neatest and most successful fly-dressers we 

 have is the young widow of John McBride, late of Mum- 

 ford, Monroe county, New York. Ladies are proverbially 

 nimble with their fingers, and we presume few men can 

 manipulate the delicate feathers and tinsel with the 

 same delicacy and artistic effect as Sara McBride. Those 

 wishing flies have only to indicate what particular waters 

 they are required for — Adirondacks, Maine, Lake Superior, 

 Thousand Islands, Canada, &c, — and their order will be in- 

 telligently and satisfactorily filled. We print this notice 

 without solicitation or hint, and hope that some patronage 

 will be bestowed upon an energetic little woman who has 

 taken up the implements of her husband's craft where they 

 fell in an untimely hour. 



— An anonymous correspondent writes to recommend 

 that split bamboo fly rods made by John Keider, of Phila- 

 delphia. They are made of eight and nine strips glued to- 

 gether, whereas the same kind of rod is usually made 

 of four or six strips, the greater number of these adding to 

 the strength, quality, and finish of the rod. We have never 

 seen the rods of this maker, but will give them a trial. We 

 should judge from the excellent reputation of the maker 

 that they would be well worthy the commendation be- 

 stowed upon them. 



— The old fishing club now located at Grays Ferry on 

 the Schuylkill, probably the oldest society of the kind in 

 this country, if not in the world, has made application to 

 the Park Commission for a piece of ground at the mouth 

 of the Wissahiccon, whereon to build a new hall. 



—We have in print some racy correspondence on Needle 

 Point Fish Hooks, in which prominent experts figure, but 

 want of space compels us to defer it untill our next issue. 



Movements op the Fishing Fleet.— There have been 

 ten arrivals from the Banks the past week, and one cargo 

 of frozen herring. The receipts of fish are 296,000 pounds 

 codfish, and 51,000 pounds halibut. The latter have been 

 sold for 11 and 12 cents for white, and 7 cents for gray. 

 The latest news from the herring fleet is not very encourag- 

 ing. Colder weather is needed, in order that they may 

 secure fares. — Gape Ann Advertiser, January 21st 



, — — — «**•» — — 



FISHING IN THE GREAT LAKES. 



fifth paper— seines, gill nets, pounds, bag nets, set 

 lines, trolling, snatching and spearing. 



Editor Forest and Stream-— 



THE modes of catching fish in the Great Lakes are va- 

 rious. Seining has largely given way to pound 

 and gill nets, but is still in use upon the beds during the 

 spawning season of whitefish, and is then the most profit- 

 able of all fishing. Twenty barrels at such a time, with a 

 seine one hundred rods long, is not Uncommon at a single 

 haul, and one hundred and forty have been taken; still, 

 there are few localities adapted to this fishing, as a smooth, 

 sandy, or shingly beach, and a bottom devoid of rocks is 

 demanded, Seines of all sizes are used. The seining 

 season begins on the disappearance of the ice, and i&ioh 



