132 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



it due to the absence of aeration in that water. The mere \ 

 rush of a fish instantaneously to and back from the sur- 

 face through water of a temperature three or four degrees 

 warmer thau that in which he is lying would seem to be a 

 very slight exposure to warmth, and quite insufficient to 

 suppress appetite in an animal always voracious, and gen- 

 erally teeuing the more ferociously as his stomach is more 

 full; f 01 anglers know that many fish, and trout among 

 them, are most active in taking bait or fly or spoon when 

 their stomachs are gorged with food. But the ascent of a 

 trout into partially aerated water may be uncomfortable to 

 his breathing apparatus. However, I will leave the ques- 

 tion open, for 1 can't pretend to answer it. 



btill less can I explain why, one evening last week, after 

 a long repose, the trout in Profile lake suddenly took a 

 no.un to rise. 1 had been casting for an hour without 

 success, and I really wanted some trout for the delectation 

 of some Jri. nds who had arrived at the Profile House. A 

 heavy shower had gone over, but no rain had fallen on the 

 lake, although the shower had been heavy a lew rods be 

 low it. The clouds were flying eastward high up above 

 the mountain tops, and about 7 o'clock the sunset light 

 bur»t from under them in that deep purple that is charac- 

 teristic of these mountain regions. For ten minutes the 

 hilis were hills of paradise, resplendent with all glory. 

 Then the light vanished suddenly, and all was cola and 

 giay, and instantly the wind changed, and up the valley, 

 right over the foot of the lake, came a majestic form — a 

 white ghost— shaking his awful head and tossing it upward, 

 and then he spread bis robes of white all over the moun- 

 tain side, where but a moment ago the purple of the sunset 

 htiU been flaming. The change was almost instantaneous. 

 I had looked up at the glory of the light, turned westward 

 a moment, and when 1 looked back that white form was 

 rushing up the vaiiey, filling it from mountain side to 

 mountain side, and immediately the hills and forests dis- 

 appeared and all was white and ghostly. The mist was 

 not filty feet above my head, but it did not touch the 

 water. 1 looked for a few moments at the scene — startling 

 and actually sublime, as ciiff afier cliff and crag after crag 

 melted into the eui brace of the white cloud— and then re- 

 newed my feasting. To my astonishment, the fish were now 

 rising. 1 took a dozen in succession — fine fibh for Profile 

 lake, one of ihem a plump pound— and by that time it was 

 dark. What started the fish up for that single half -hour? 

 +*^ — — 



Tennessee. — A correspondent writing from Nashville, 

 under elate of September 20th, gives the following account 

 of what has been done towards stocking the rivers of that 

 State:— 



"Eighty thousand shad were recently deposited in the 

 Holstun river, at Knoxville, by J. D. AlcMaughton, one of 

 the agents of the United btates Fish Commission at Havre 

 de Grace, Maryland. B. S. Mcbrory, Jr., put sixty thou- 

 sand in the Estenaula, at Athens, and a like number found 

 a home in the broad Tennessee, at Chattanooga. Other 

 deposits will be made in these rivers every year until they 

 are sufficiently stocked. The streams in the immediate 

 vicinity of JNashville are admirably adapted for hatching 

 purposes, both as to location and traueportation. They 

 were caret ully examined and cordially recommended for 

 that purpose by several fish commissioners a year or two 

 ago, but no definite action has ever been taken respecting 

 the matter. Judge John C. Ferriss has at his beautiful 

 country seat, several miles distant from this city, a large 

 pond, containing many handsome specimens of the tinny 

 tribe. He takes a great (leal of interest in it, and if his 

 example was imitated by olfiers it would be better for 



Tennessee." Fekn. 

 +*+. 



— The experiment of stocking Echo lake, near the Pro- 

 file house, in the White mountains, with black bass, has 

 proved a success, and these game fish will soon be es.ab 

 lisheti there. Formerly thio was a fine trout water, but 

 some fool put pickerel into it, which destroyed the trout; 

 and now, we understand, the bass are at woik on the i ick- 

 erel, and will soon exterminate the predacious Ishmaeli'es. 

 Thus fi&h, like fleas, have other fish to bite 'em, and so go 



on, ad infinitum. 



«+.». 



— A gentleman who has just returned from Port Jervis 



informs us that a man at that place is catching black bass 



from three to four inches long by the bushel in an eel weir 



and feeding them to his hogs. Here is a case which the 



State Fish Commissioners might investigate with profit. 

 -**■•->■ 



Four Million Salmon Eggs. — Philadelphia, Sept. 26th. 

 — Prof. Baird, United btates Fish Commissioner, at the 

 Centennial, to-day received a telegram fiom Sacramento, 

 Gal., dated on Monday, as follows: — "A refrigerator car, 

 containing 4,000,000 salmon eggs, left by the passenger 

 tiaiu for the East to day, consigned to Prof. Baird, United 

 Stales Fish Commistdoner, and in charge of Mr. Living- 

 stone. They are made up into packages, addressed to such 

 State fish commissioners as have applied for them, and 

 will i>e delivered to the express companies as the car passes 

 the station nearest their destination. The first delivery 

 will be to Utah, and the last, about a week later, to the 

 Centennial Exhibition. About 2,000,000 more are destined 

 for California, and 1,000,000 for Australia, New Zealand, 

 and the Sandwich Islands." 



Lawrence Fishwat. — The new fish way at Lawrence 

 has i.een completed, and the water was let in yesterday in 

 presence of the Fish Commissioners of Massachusetts and 

 .New Hampshire. It requires seven minutes for the water 

 to pass from the entrance gate lo the outlet. The cost is 

 said to bv about $5,000.— Manchester (N. H.) Mirror, Sep- 

 tember 30th. 



— Mr. W. Holberton a tew days ago went with a friend 

 up into Sullivan county, N. Y., where they had tip-top 

 sport, killing a satisfactory number of ruffed grouse. 



«♦♦♦■ : — 



Ammunition for the Turks.— The steamer John Bram- 

 ball, Capt. INewington, is in New Haven harbor taking a 

 load of 8o0 tons of ammunition from Winchester's factory 

 for the Turkish Government. 



. -♦*•* — 



—Nature has a) las • suuj tied an antidote to the grass- 

 hoppei plague in lire Noithwest. The Minnesota papers 

 ann unce that a little led bug is surely d- stroying all the 

 eggs laid by the grasshopper this season, thus insuring ex* 

 emption from the ravages of the destroyer next year. 



— ' — ♦ — ' — 



THE FISHES OF SCANDINAVIA AND 



, OUR NORTHWEST COMPARED. 



THERE is a remarkable likeness between the flora and 

 fauna of the Scandinavian peninsula and those of 

 the northern portion of the United States, which probably 

 influenced the large immigration from Norway to Wiscon- 

 sin and Minnesota. In the writings of Lloyd, Barnard 

 and others, we find lists of the fishes of Scandinavia, 

 most of which, or analagous species, occur in the north- 

 western States or the waters of Maine. Of the Salmonidse 

 Norway has many species. The true salmon (S. salar) 

 abounds in her rivers, and has been taken of 6b pounds 

 weight. The grey trout, similar to our lake trout {8. con- 

 finis) grows to 30 pounds; the salmon trout to 20 pounds 

 weight. The silver salmon of the Norwegian lakes ap- 

 parency resembles our Schoodic salmon (#. Gloveri) of 

 Maine, and is said to be a very game fish, and equal to the 

 true salmon on the table. It is taken from 3 pounds to 12 

 pounds. The yellow river trout of Europe (8. fario) is 

 abundant in Norway, and grows to the weight of* 12 

 pounds. This species is represented in America by 8. fon- 

 tinalis), said by those who have had the opportunity of 

 comparing the two species, to be the better and more ac- 

 tive fish. The charr, found in Norwegian lakes, seems to 

 resemble bur 8. foniinalis in brilliancy of color, gameness, 

 and excellenby of flesh. The grayling of Europe (Thy 

 rnallus vulgaris) is in Norway, as in England, a local fish, 

 found only in certain streams. This is also the case with 

 our grayling {T. tricolor), which seems to be confined to 

 northern Michigan. 



Many valuable species of white fishes (Corregoni) are 

 found in Norway, as also the allied families of carps, 

 suckers and Cyprinidm,or shiners. The perch (P. fiumatilis) 

 and the pike perch (Lucioperca) seem to be identical with our 

 own yellow perch and glass-eyed pike. The European 

 pike (Esox Indus) grows in Norway to great size, even to 

 50 pounds weight, and is thought by some naturalists to 

 be identical with our northern pike {Esox boreas, Agassiz), 

 being of much the same color— green, with rows of light- 

 er spots. The smelt {Osmerus), which in America is con- 

 fined chiefly to salt water, only running up the rivers to 

 spawn, in Norway is said to live equally well in fresh wa- 

 ter lakes. The turbot {Lota), which is analagous to our 

 eelpout, is an abundant and much prized fish in Norway; 

 with us it is only eaten by Scandinavians. They have a 

 representative of our catflshes in the 8ilurus, an enormous 

 brute, growing in their lakes to the weight of 300 pounds, 

 and s metimes suspected of devouring little boys, like his 

 cousins in the Mississippi. None of our fresh water basses 

 occur in Europe, though attempts have been made to in- 

 troduce the black bass into England. Yarrell mentions a 

 salt water bass which is taken with hook and line on the 

 coast of England. 



Among other plates of Norwegian fishing tackle, Lloyd 

 gives a cut of a "drag," which is evidently the origin of 

 our spoon. It consists of a spoon bowl of polished metal, 

 through the upper part of which a stout, straight wire is 

 inserted, and on which the spoon revolves, 'lhehookis 

 fastened to the lower end of the spoon, and is partially 

 concealed by two rows of white or red cloth. 1 have seen 

 it asserted in a recent book on angling that the spoon was 

 invented in '*York Slate," and an English writer declares 

 that an English butler having accidentally dropped a silver 

 spoon in the lake near by his master's house, taw a huge 

 pike swallow it, and taking the hint constructed the appa- 

 ratus which has become so common. But 1 think tliat 

 neither to John nor Jonathan is the credit of this invention 

 uue, but to Olson, lor as long ago as 1845 I saw the Nor- 

 wegians on Lake Michigan using the identical weapon fig- 

 ured in Lloyds book. Having seen nothing of the kind 

 before, I procured it from them and used it successfully in 

 trolling for Mackinaw trout, as well as pike and black bass, 

 and although the imitations and modifications of the in- 

 strument have been very numerous, I have not found any 

 of them more successful than the original pattern. 



s. c. c. 



Centennial Literature. — The Exhibition gives rise to 

 a vast amount of literature in the way of descriptive circu- 

 lars, catalogues, advertisements, and fancifully printed 

 cards. Many of these brochures are of hundreds of pages 

 and handsomely bound, while not a few contain informa- 

 tion of peimauent value. As usual, scientific and learned 

 persons have seized upon the occasion to publish essays at 

 public or exhibitors' expense on various subjects. The 

 third edition of the Catalogue of the Birds of Kansas, by 

 Prof. F. H. Snow, the several publications appropos of 

 the Smithsonian exhibit, and some pamphlets issued by the 

 Army Hospital are examples. This Hospital, showing the 

 work and facilities of the Medical Department of the United 

 States Army, is under the charge of Dr. Yarrow, who was 

 for many years connected with Wheeler's Territorial Sur- 

 veys, and, like everything about the War Department is 

 splendidly managed. Besides the explanatory oescriptions 

 and catalogues, this institution has printed a discussion of 

 "Typho malarial Fever as a special type of Fever," and two 

 pamphlets describing selected specimens on f xhibition, by 

 Dr. J. J. Woodward; while Dr. George A. Otis, Curator 

 of the Army Medical Museum, has prepared a "Check-list 

 of Preparations and Objects in the Section of Human 

 Anatomy" in that museum, which fills 135 pages of matter 

 valuable to every surgeon. The opportunities for properly 

 publishing the results of scientific study are scarce enough. 

 and it is, to be hoped that much of this sort of "Centennial 

 literature" may be accumulated. 



, i^, ^ -»•-»- : 



A Second "Birds op New England."— Mr. H, D. Mi- 

 nora young gentleman of Brookline, Mass., is carrying 

 through the press at Salem a book to be called "Birds of 



New England ; " embracing chiefly his own observations 

 supplemented by whatever other matter he cares to includ ' 

 Mr. Samuels's well-known work was so far short of w } ^ 

 it might have been that Mr. Minot has a comparatively u 

 occupied field. But we reserve further notice until th 

 appeal ance of the volume, which, we understsnd, may C 

 expected at an early date. 



— S. E. Cassino, Salem, Mass., is publishing a new Hat- 



uralist's Directory, and solicits the addresses of naturalists" 



with a mention of their specialty, to be sent to him imme'. 



diately. 



-»*-». 



—The Nuttall Ornithological Club have been scattered 

 during the summer, but will resume their meetings this 

 week, and we hope to keep posted as to their doings. The 

 same is true of the Cambridge Entomological Club. 

 •***»• '■ 



Albino Squirrel. — We were greatly interested last 

 week in examining a pure white grey squirrel in the pos- 

 session of Mr. Kuthven Deane of Cambridge, Mass 

 whose collection is exceptionally rich in specimens of al- 

 binism. This animal was a present from Jas. Booth of 

 Drummondville, Niagara Falls, and is mounted most ex- 

 cellently. 



, •*"**•» 



Ontario Entomological Society. — This society held 

 its annual meeting at Brantford, Onf., on Sept. 20th, Mr, 

 W, Saunders, the President, in the chair. The President 

 read his annual address, in the course of which he referred 

 to the collections of insects shown at the Centennial. The 

 Canadian collection especially was commended, and the 

 opinion was expressed that it was far superior to any col- 

 lection shown in Philadelphia. A vote of thanks was 

 given to the President for his address, and it wss agreed 

 to publish it in the Canadian Entomologist. The officers for 

 the coming year wfcre then elected as follows. President, 

 W. Saunders, London; Vice President, R. C.J. S. Bethuue', 

 M. A., Port Hope; Secretary and Treasurer, J. H. Median, 

 London; Council, J. M. Denton and E. Baynes Reed, Lon- 

 don; J. Pettit Grimsby, Wm. Cooper, Montreal, and R. 

 V. Rogers, Kingston. 



*»«»■ 



— The black swans at Central Park have brought out 3 



cygnets, which are supposed to be the first black swans ever 



bred in this country. 



,».». 



— In his address before the anthropological section of the 

 American Science Association, at Buffalo, Prof. Mason 

 said: — "The motives that should actuate us to zealous co- 

 operation are that, while natural objects remain and may 

 be observed unchanged centuries hence, all human phe- 

 nomena are evanescent; that to know the truth about our 

 own history and destiny as a race is of the utmost import- 

 ance, 'for you are of more value than many sparrows,' and 

 finally that all educational, politic, philanthropic, ami mis- 

 sionary efforts, at home and among the degraded tribes of 

 humanity, in order to be successful, must be directed by 

 an intelligent knowledge of the material with which we 

 have to deal." 



— Prof. Marsh, of Yale College, is paying Dr. Field, of 

 Franklin county, Mass., $100 a year for the righ* of quar- 

 rying slabs of stone showing toot prints of birds. A 

 basketful of specimens, worth $200, was recently taken 

 out. The specimens are well washed, and then coated 



with shellac. 



■**-•• 



A Strange Fish. — A blue shark nearly five feet long 

 was on exhibition at Brackett & Duffey's fi.sh maiket yes- 

 terday morning. It was taken by some men wbo were cod- 

 dling about 20 miles off i he harbor. This fish is much small- 

 er and less dangerous than any other species of shark. The 

 upper parts are of a blue color, the color suffusing the 

 whole body except the belly which is white. It is most 

 common in the Mediterranean and the warmer parts of the 

 Atlantic, though it is not unfrequently found on the coasts 

 of Devon and Cornwall, in England, especially during the 

 pilchard fishery season, when they often make great havoc 

 among the nets and lines of the fishermen which their 

 sharp teeth enable them to bite with ease.— Halifax (N. 

 S. ) Reporter. 



«*.*- 



Voices op Animals. — An interesting work which lately 

 appeared at Freiburg, by Prof. Landois, on the "Voices 

 of Animals," affords^additional evidence of the universal- 

 ity of vocal sounds among the lower forms of animals, 

 including the mollusca. ^"The author considers it as be- 

 yond all question that ants possess a vocal speech, inap- 

 preciable by human ears, by which they are enabled to ex- 

 ercise those higher mental faculties to which they owe die 

 development of the advanced social organization ^ winch 

 they exhibit in their communities. Prot. Landois's worK 

 is illustrated by numerous microscopical and other draw- 

 ings of his own, and forms an interesting addition to our 

 natural history literature. 



—An oyster 13 inches long and 17 inches through was 

 recently taken from the bed at Green Bay, on the Massachu- 

 setts coast. 



«»•»■ 



MOCKING-BIRD FOOD. 



W^shingtok, D. C, Sept. 29th. 

 Editor Forest and Stream:— ... 



in your last issue "J. S. N.," of London, Ont., wants a recipe i 

 mocking bird food I will give him and others who have mocki ng-^ . 

 a formula for miking it. I have used it for a long time, and nnaii 

 ter than t*at yon get at the si ores, cheaper also: Ground or t>r ^ 

 hemp seed, bounces; ground or bruised rice, 4 ounces; dust o h 



cracKer, 8 ounces; flax seed meal. 2 ounces; mix and put in a pa 

 two ounces of lard and cook unlit it has a brown color, sti »ru)g 

 spoon to keep it from sticking or getting in lumps. J ins s 

 for any soft billed bird. One or two tablespoon fuls wuh grated cd 

 enongh for one bird a day. Q «Q- Woou»u»*- 



ARRIVALS AT CENTRA!. PARK MENAGERIE SEPT. 23 TO ®j~ ^ 



chacma baboon (CynocepfuJus percurios); one black leopaiu l "^^ 

 purdus var melas); one brown coaumundi (Noma nancay .p 

 by Dr. A . Brannis. New Yoik City; two axis deer {Axis maaOtttaU^ 

 harpy eagle (Thrasmtus harpyia), p^enred by Cpr. 8an "^ ' war y 

 of the Steamship Acapulco; two vhea* (Bheaamencana), one u» ^ ^ 

 (Casuarius galeatus); three black swans (Cygnus otratwh ^^ 

 menagerie, W. A. Conkl , 



