140 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



those things and I thought I would ask that question. I thought il'would 

 be a feasible system? 



A. I think it is in certain localities and would pay the farmers. Our 

 creameries are run on the separator plan. There are many portions of 

 the country where the hand separator on the farm would pay the farmer 

 better and the creamery mdta better. 



The President. I would say that in that line that we have some far- 

 mers in Iowa who bought hand separators, so we could get good cream 

 and we did get some good cream and some poor cream. Now lately I 

 think one or two patrons who have bought separators used them and 

 sent their cream, but now are sending milk again. We have had six I 

 think who have laid them one side. 



Mr. Spicer: In what condition is skim milk usually delivered in the 

 north part of the state. Is it warm and sweet? 



A. I think according to general custom it is returned to the farmer 

 in a haphazard way. The system we adopted a year ago, we pasturized 

 skim milk before returning it. We believe it pays us to do that for the 

 farmers, for they can make much better use of the milk when they get 

 it back home, and we find it very little work. We can do it with ex- 

 haust steam. 



Q. That meets with my idea, and you give it to the farmer in that 

 way? 



A. Yes- sir. 



Mr. Monrad: In Denmark they passed a law compelling'allcreamer- 

 ies to pasturize the skim milk bef ere returning it, and this is done to pre- 

 vent tuberculosis in the calves. I think, as Mr. Newman says, that the 

 creamery will pay in more ways than one if you went to pasturizing skim 

 milk. It has actually helped the creamery in getting better quality of 

 milk. 



Mr. President: Do they pasturize the milk all through the summer 

 season? 



A. Yes sir, winter and summer. 



Q. Do you have any trouble in hot weather? 



A. A little, but we find it of great benefit. 



Q. Isn't there a little tendency of it curdling? 



A. It is just occasionally that way. In pasturizing sour milk it will 



