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Qusetion : How much would you expect to churn 

 from 100 pounds of milk that would test 4 per cent.? 



Me. Gurler: It would make four and one-half 

 pounds or a little more. Our experience is that as a 

 rule we get in the winter months an average of fifteen 

 per cent, overrun. In the summer months we get a 

 little less than that, we have had as low as seven per 

 cent., the increase of the churn over the test. We 

 followed out the test right along, our skim-milk is tested 

 and our buttermilk, regularly, so that we know right 

 along what we are doing. If we find there is not seven 

 per cent, of increase of the churn over the test, I should 

 feel suspicious that there was inefficient work done, 

 that there was a loss either in the skimming or in the 

 churning. 



Mr. Sawyer : So you would not be surprised at not 

 getting over seven per cent, in summer, and you would 

 expect as high as fifteen in the winter, from seven to 

 fifteen depending on the season. 



Mr. Gurler : Yes, that is putting it safe, I think. 



Question : In the absence of a creamery, would you 

 advise a dairyman to use a separator ? 



Mr. Gurler : Yes, I would. He ought to have a 

 pretty good-sized dairy, and be pretty well fixed up, 

 because with the deep, cold settings, if you have plenty 

 of water or ice, you get pretty efficient work in that 

 way, and there is less expense to it. I never have 

 given that sufficient thought to draw the line for any 

 body. Everybody has his own conditions and sur- 

 roundings. Dr. Babcock, of Madison, comes right out 

 and recommends any one having fifteen cows to have a 

 separator. I have never dared go as low as that, but I 

 would say that if you have twenty-five good cows, and 

 if you are fixed so as to run your hand separator with 

 power, I should go ahead and buy one. 



