ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 77 



A Member: What effect will it have if ice is put in cream 

 in small pieces? 



Mr. Pethebridge: It entirely depends upon what stage your 

 cream is in. If the cream is a little thick and a little warm, I 

 don't think it will have any material effect, because it will sim- 

 ply dissolve and bring the temperature clear down. Of course 

 it wouldn't do for the ice to be taken from a stagnant pond, or 

 anything of that kind. The cream has come to a stage now at 

 which the buttermilk can be drawn off. You will find the grains 

 a little smaller in the winter than in the summer. This butter 

 came at 58 degrees, a proper temperature, and I wash it in 

 water at 52; the temperature of the water regulates the size of 

 the grains at the first washing. Of course the salting is a mat- 

 ter of taste. In this country the custom is about an ounce to 

 the pound; in England the quantity is only from one-quarter to 

 one-third of an ounce to the pound. We salt in the churn. 

 Then put the butter on the butter worker. You must be care- 

 ful in working it not to grease it. 



(Mrs. Pethebridge worked the butter on the lever butter- 

 worker, donated by Cornish, Curtis & Green Mfg. Co., and 

 made a neat, pound print with a pair of small ladles, "Scotch 

 handles.") 



We have now got practically through with the buttermaking 

 d,nd now comes the washing up, which must be very particularly 

 attended to. 



I want to suggest one more thing, and that is that each one 

 of you adopt a trademark, so that when your butter goes into 

 the market, in any part of the country, you are able to swear 

 to it. Be careful to make it uniform, make it attractive look- 

 ing, catching to the eye. In that way you make a market for 

 your butter and get the top price. Mark with a print, all prints 

 alike, of course. Pack it nicely when you send it to market. 

 If you turn out a good quality of butter and make it look nice, 

 and send it to market you will have no reason to complain about 

 low prices. 



