ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 130 



been carelessly handled. Facilities for shipping milk long dis- 

 tances are continually being improved and it is sometimes 

 suggested that -Kansas and Iowa milk will in the future be sold 

 in New York city the same as Kansas and Iowa butter. 



Milk is usually transported in heavy cans, the common sizes 

 holding twenty, thirty or forty quarts; the styles in use differ 

 in different localities. Within the past few years some dairy 

 companies have established bottling stations near their produc- 

 ing farms and ship the milk in jars, which in hot weather are 

 packed in ice. The milk is cooled as much as possible before 

 it leaves the farm and for long distances ice is kept in the cars, 

 or refrigerator cars are provided. The use of glass jars or bottles 

 for handling milk is rapidly gaining favor and they are widely 

 used. They are objectionable because heavy, fragile, and so 

 useful in the kitchen that they are not always promptly returned, 

 but these objections are more than offset by their advantages in 

 being cleaned easily, in being an exact measure, and in saving 

 the milk from unnecessary exposure. 



The resident of a large city can obtain almost any quality 

 of milk which he desires; poor milk and rich milk, cheap milk 

 and expensive milk have long been on the market and it is very 

 rare that an almost perfect milk can not be found. 



Of the 17,000,000 cows in the United States it is estimated 

 that 5,000,000 produce milk for direct consumption, the aver- 

 age being about twenty-five gallons per year to each person, 

 or an ordinary sized tumbler full every day. As many use a 

 much greater quantity the number of those who use little or 

 none must be very large. It seems strange that the milk con- 

 sumption of this great dairy country is so small, while in some 

 of the older European countries it is two or three times as 

 large. As this is a matter which directly concerns the dairy- 

 men, and it is a question second in importance only to the cost 

 of production, it will be interesting to discuss a few of the 

 causes which keep down the consumption of milk in our cities. 



Without doubt some of the trouble is with the consumers and 

 it is equally plain that some is with dairymen and milk dealers, 

 and by doing all in his power the dairyman can accomplish a 



