46 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 



seed meal, and cottonseed meal), it is best to jase 3 to 4 

 pounds of bone meal or spent bone black with each 100 

 pounds of the concentrate mixture, instead of using the 

 limestone, wood ashes, or marl. Bone meal and spent bone 

 meal black supply both calcium and phosphorus, while 

 limestone, wood ashes, and marl furnish lime, but practic- 

 ally no phosphorus. 



If plenty of alfalfa, clover, soybean or other legume 

 hay is fed, then there may possibly be no advantage in 

 adding a calcium-rich mineral supplement to the ration. 

 However, even with legume hay available for winter feed- 

 ing, it can do no harm and may do considerable good to add 

 one of these lime carriers to the ration. 



Feed Calcium Supplements on Pasture 



Fresh, green crops contain an especially large amount 

 of vitamin needed to enable animals to assimilate calcium. 

 Therefore, the best way of replenishing the calcium in the 

 cow's body, which may have been seriously depleted by high 

 milk production during the winter feeding period, is to feed 

 a calcium-supplement when she is on pasture. Therefore, 

 it is especially important to mix one of the calcium-rich 

 supplements with the concentrate mixture fed to cows on 

 pasture. It is probably best to use more of the calcium- 

 supplement than for winter feeding. As much as 4 to 5 

 pounds of one of the calcium-supplements may be mixed 

 with each 100 pounds of concentrate mixture. If this mix- 

 ture should not be very palatable to the cows, the allowance 

 of the mineral supplement may be reduced somewhat. 



When the cows are not fed any concentrates during a 

 part of the pasture season, the calcium-supplement may be 

 mixed with salt and the cows allowed free access to it. A 

 mixture of 1/8 salt by weight and 7/8 limestone, wood 

 ashes, marl, or bone meal may be used for this purpose. 



Guard Against Goiter 



If trouble has been experienced from goiter or "big 

 neck'* in calves, this may be prevented in the future by giv- 



