ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 99 



Last Summer I went to a town of 30,000, and bought 24 

 samples of milk in two hours, and out of that number 7 had for- 

 maldehyde and 15 were adulterated wath water or skim milk, 

 and about 18 of that 24 had dirt in the bottom of the bottle, 

 and it w^asn't Joliet or Galesburg either. 



O : — When skim milk is added it is adulterated below stand- 

 ard ? ^ 



A : — Yes sir, when added at all. 



O: — If above three per cent? 



A : — In the law it is considered just as much as if below. 

 By the adding of skim milk you destroy the natural proportion. 

 When you have milk from the cow you have solids in about the 

 same proportion to the total fat. If you add skim milk you in- 

 crease the solids not fat in proportion to the amount of fat in it. 

 If a cow gives 5 percent fat she is high fat as well as in solids. 

 If you add skim milk you are destroying the percent. 



O : — Take milk reduced to 3 per cent. If reduced by skim- 

 ming or by water can you tell which it is ? 



A : — Yes sir, without any trouble at all. I intended to have 

 shown you. You can't tell by the butter fat test or the lactometer, 

 but with them both you can. We have tried that. You take 

 a sample and drop in the lactometer in the milk and it will go 

 too deep in it and wx know it has been watered, because the water 

 niakes the milk lighter. A pint of milk weighs 1.032 pounds, 

 while a pint of water weighs a straight pound. We took another 

 sample and the next fellow's lactometer didn't drop far enough 

 in, the milk w^as too heavy. That was skimmed because the fat 

 was taken out and milk was still heavier. It didn't take the 

 dairymen long to find that out. Another was skimmed and 

 watered and the dairyman didn't know any more about it because 

 he had done both to it. But when the lactometer is put in and 

 it floats at the right place, then I know one of two things : Eitner 

 it will test between 3 and 5 per cent of butterfat, or it has been 

 skimmed and watered, and we have decided that. 



Q: — The temperature makes some difference? 



A : — ^Every lactometer has a thermometer and if for 60 



