ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 146 



wealth of their inhabitants, and the faciUties for transporting milk 

 and cream long distances, will make dairying a favorite pursuit 

 of men who are sufficiently enlightened and educated by reading, 

 by observation and by experience, to make this form of farming 

 pleasant, as far as it can be made pleasant, and profitable. 



The breaking up of the great ranges will not necessarily de- 

 crease the number of beef cattle produced on these ranges; but 

 it will compel better care and better feeding, we hope with no de- 

 cline in the breeding. It is quite probable that in the twentieth 

 century the beef steer will be grown on the cheaper lands, not 

 lands destitute of fertility, but lands which by reason of location, 

 or the character of the surface, or distance from market, cannot 

 be used with the maximum of profit for the growing of grain. 

 These cattle will be finished on the corn lands and great grass 

 lands of the humid region ; for the world will demand better and 

 better beef and more of it. 



I anticipate a wonderful increase in the numbers and quali- 

 ty of what is called in derision the ''all purpose" cow, but which 

 is better described as the special purpose cow for the farmer 

 whose acres are of such extent that he cannot profitably become 

 an exclusive dairyman, and so high in price that he cannot devote 

 himself to the growing of special purpose beef cattle. This man 

 cannot afford to keep a cow for the chance of a calf, nor can he 

 afford to let the grass from his pastures and the forage from his 

 corn fields go to waste; nor can he well afford to pay the trans- 

 portation to a distant market. Hence he must grow packages 

 in which he may pack these products and thus condense freights ; 

 and he must do this from cows on which he has another profit. 



In connection with this wore general practice of live stock 

 farming, and in connection with greater specializing, there 

 must come improved methods in feeding. The twentieth cen- 

 tury farmer cannot afford to guess at the milk production of his 

 dairy cows, nor at the content of butter fat; nor can he guess at 

 the quantity or quality of the feed which he gives to his live stock. 

 He must feed for the special purpose that he has in mind, and 

 therefore, must have a better knowledge of what we term bal- 

 anced rations than the average farmer of the century preceding 



