ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 167 



division. First, indicating milking qualities, 30 points; indicat- 

 ing feeding qualities, 30 points. One is considered to be as 

 important as the other. Indicating constitution and general 

 health, 25 points, and symmetry, or general balance between the 

 parts, 15 points. 



Taking the first thing, udder. You will notice that the 

 udder is of considerable importance, 14 points. What kind of 

 an udder do w^e want ? A capacious udder, of course. We want 

 it full and attached high at the back and extending well forward 

 under the belly. Quarters evenly developed. Not a big, large 

 rear udder. We want them well balanced, or flat on the bottom. 

 We do not want the front udder larger than the rear udder, 

 the front lacking rather than the rear udder. Before milking 

 the udder should be full and distended. After milking you will 

 notice that it hangs flabby. The milk is secreted while the cow 

 is being milked. That being true, it simply shows a better 

 grandular structure. 



We have a very poor light here. I think this cow is quite a 

 ways from freshening. If an udder of that kind, it would count 

 less than 14 points. 



The next question is teats. They should be uniform in size 

 and length, and placed well apart. We want the teats uniform 

 not big ones in front and little back ones. Even length we also 

 want. One thing we want in a cow, I mean a dairy cow, 

 either pure bred or grade, you must have teats with con- 

 venient size and length. We want them placed well apart. 

 Not like the fingers on the hand, but placed well apart 

 Nearly equal diameter from base to point. Some Holsteins 

 have teats that are very conical. We want teats free from 

 lumps, warts or extra orifices or leakage. Some milk easy, yet 

 they leak. You do not want a cow that milks so hard a man 

 don't w^ant to milk her. If a cow leaks very badly you would not 

 want to raise a heifer calf from her, neither from a hard milker. 

 Those things have considerable important bearing. 



Q : — A hard milking cow, haven't they got an instrument 

 expressly for that? 



