ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 169 



BONE should be medium indicated by clean face and legs, 

 short cannons and slim tail. The cannon, the bone from the 

 ankle to the toe. The reason we want that is to show quality. 

 We do not want too fine a bone. 



The. WITHERS should be narrow, smooth over top; not 

 higher than rump. 



We want a wide, full muzzle, as that is an indication of a 

 good feeder. A good wide suzzle and good full loose lips. You 

 never saw a cow a good feeder that didn't have a wide muzzle. I 

 mean in proportion to size. She might be a good feeder if small 

 all over, yet her muzzle would not be as large. 



FACE should be broad between the eyes, a good broad 

 face. 



EYES full and clear. Why? A large full eye indicates 

 health and capacity. They should be set well forward, not in 

 the side of the head. Clear and quiet. You don't want a nerv- 

 ous eye. 



NECK medium to thin on top and fair length. A good 

 milker to put her feed into the milk pail should have a slender 

 neck. 



This cow is being judged by the way she acts. We want 

 our bulls to look masculine and our cows to look feminine. 



THROAT clean and not a lot of extra skin. DEWLAP 

 light. 



HANDLING. Skin medium thick, mellow and loose. If a 

 thick hide like a big bull it does not indicate feeding qualities. 

 You don't want it too thin and papery, that indicates too much 

 to the other extreme. Hair fine and soft and not wiry. Inside 

 of ears furry. You want soft, sliky hair. If the cow has been 

 handled well and taken care of she will have good hair. We 

 have gone over the questions indicating feeding qualities. 



We will now take up those indicating constitution and 

 general health. She must have constitution, or she will not live 

 a great while. What are the things that indicate constitution? 



CHEST is the first thing. It should be deep and full 

 showing plenty of lung capacity. To judge of an animal's chest 

 capacity, you don't want to stand off and look at them. Get 



