ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 227 



evidence that blood is crowding the udder space to the exclusion 

 of mere fleshy tissue. 



4: The milk veins will develop with the years and treat- 

 ment of the cow, by the same law that action will develop any 

 member; but the holes through the ebdominal wall, as shown 

 in the figure marked 7, will ever be present at all ages. There 

 should be on each side one single one and larger at maturity, 

 and from that to two or more. The extension of these entrances 

 toward the front legs are in proportion to the strength of line 

 dairy breeding. Sometimes these entrances are made, in part, 

 under the fore leg. 



The reason for these indications is, that the large amount 

 of blood from the digestion and the udder returning to the heart 

 in its circulation, requires ample entrance room. So the holes 

 are increased in size and number and the extension of the veins 

 before entrance is to give more room for the veins without the 

 abdominal walls so as to adapt themselves to the various atti- 

 tudes of the body and be free from the weight of the heavily 

 food-burdened viscera. 



5 : The teats should be of good size and well placed. This 

 iiidicatc? good, strong, well developed quarters in ihe udder. 



6 : The space numbered 2 in the outline should have a 

 dcc'ded pitch downward, as opposed to its being rounded in beef 

 cattle, where it is referred to as the " crops." This may be 

 called the form of poverty of the rib. All flesh formers in 

 quadrupeds are rounded at this point. This space so formed 

 is the best indication that the animal will be a continuous milker 

 (unless spoiled by bad handling), for it will not rob the udder 

 for flesh or fat forming. 



Incidental Indication. 



l2 The horns should be fine at the base. This is largely 

 owing to the depletion of the fore part of the body by the cor- 

 responding development of the rear. 



2 : The Vv'ithers, as well as the brisket and the neck, should 

 be thin for the same reason above given. 



