286 



ILLINOIS DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



ator skim-milk was fed immediately after separation. Observa- 

 tions show that the calves receiving sterilized skim-milk were 

 less subject to scours. 



Effect of Sterilizing Skim-milk. The amount of water 

 added when heating skim-milk by steam is shown in table V. 



Table V. — Showing amount of water added to skim-milk in the 

 process of sterilization. 



Pounds of whole milk separated 2,948 



Pounds of skim-milk separated 2,675 



Pounds of skim-milk after being sterilized 3.010 



Water added to milk, 335 pounds, or 11 per cent. 



Test No. 1. 

 By weighing. 





Sterilization 

 Temp. 



Lactometer 

 reading of 



unsterilized 

 skim-railk 



Lactometer 

 reading of 

 sterilized 

 skim-miik 



Per- 

 cent- 

 age 

 water 



Weather 



Test No. 2. 



1 



degrees. 



180 36.3 



32.0 



12 



Cool, but not 

 cold. 



With lactometer. 



2 



180 



37.5 



33.0 



12 



,Cool, but not 





3 



180 



37.0 



32.0 



13.5 



A cold day. 





4 

 5 



202 

 204 



37.0 

 36.0 



32.5 



31.0 



12.2 

 13.9 



Very cold day. 

 Cold wind 

 blowing. 



From the above table, it will be seen that in the process of 

 sterilization with live steam there is from eleven to fourteen per 

 cent of water added. The amount of water added is usually in 

 proportion to the degree of heat to which the milk is raised. It 

 also varies with the weather, requiring more steam to heat the 

 same amount of milk to a given point on a cold day than on a 

 warm day. 



Results with Skim-milk. The lots of calves fed on skim- 

 milk in the different experiments are grouped in table VI. This 

 table not only shows the possibilities in raising calves on skim- 

 milk, but it also shows the variations in the results obtained. 

 It will be noticed that with young calves it requires a very small 

 amount of feed to produce a pound of gain. (See fig. 1.) 



