ILLINOIS DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 305 



situated a little above the surface of the ground is the best 

 arrangement for supplying this want. 



Calves seem to demand salt as well as older stock, and this 

 should be kept before them at all times. 



Calf Ties. 



Where there are only a few calves to be fed, fairly good ties 

 can be had by the use of short ropes with snaps, to be fastened 

 to ropes around the calves' neck, supplied with rings. When 

 this method is employed the calves should be hitched far enough 

 apart to prevent their reaching each other after drinking their 

 milk. 



By far the best method of fastening calves is by means of 

 stanchions. Here the calf finds his place and waits his turn. 

 The feeder can set a bucket of milk clown to the calf and then 

 feed others, without fear of the calf tipping the bucket over. 

 Where the stanchions are properly constructed, the calves can- 

 not reach each other, and they can be left in the stanchions until 

 their mouths are dry. 



We find that calves will commence eating grain sooner when 

 fastened in stanchions than when tied with ropes. The college 

 has recently erected some new calf-sheds, in which are placed 

 what we consider up-to-date calf stanchions. (See figs. 7 

 and 8.) 



Our shed is sixteen feet wide, and closed at both ends and 

 on the north side. The south side has movable panels, which 

 enable us to close the shed in winter and to have it open in 

 summer. There is an alleyway five feet wide in front of the 

 stanchions, to enable the feeder to go in with a cart and have 

 plenty of room to move around. The lumber required for ten 

 stanchions is as follows : 



1 piece 1x12 in. by 12 ft., for bottom of feed-box. 



2 pieces 1x12 in. by 16 ft., for bottom of feed-box (8 It.), upright par- 

 titions (24). 



