312 ILLINOIS DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



milk than is needed for the calf it will not pay to milk her. It 

 costs about $8 to pay for milking and about $7.50 to raise the 

 calf on skim-milk. To be a profitable milker a cow must produce 

 at least $15.50 worth of butter-fat, leaving the skim-milk to pay 

 for hauling. With a four per cent test and 15 cent butter-fat, 

 this would mean at least 2583 pounds of milk per annum; with 

 18 cents for butter-fat, 2152 pounds of milk per annum; with 

 20 cents for butter-fat, 1937 pounds of milk per annum. If the 

 calf was raised on whole milk the amount required to be produced 

 would be entirely different. Nobody can afford to feed whole 

 milk by hand to a calf. 



These figures do not mean that a cow giving the above 

 amount of milk is really profitable, for usually a dairy cow will 

 consume more grain than one nursing a calf, but it indicates what 

 a man must expect to get from his animals before he can bear 

 the expense of milking and raising the calf on skim-milk. 



Relieving Calves from Flies. During the hot summer 

 months flies are a constant torment to young calves. The en- 

 tomological department of the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 

 lege has been experimenting and compounding various sub- 

 stances, in order to produce an effective and economical mixture 

 which, when applied to the surface of an animal, would ward off 

 the flies. As a result of these experiments, it has succeeded in 

 producing the following formula, which seems to answer the 

 purpose reasonably well : Resin, one and one-half pounds ; 

 laundry soap, two cakes; fish-oil, one-half pint; enough water 

 to make three gallons. Dissolve the resin in a solution of soap 

 and water by heating; add the fish-oil and the rest of the water. 

 Apply with a brush. If to be used as a spray, add one-half pint 

 of kerosene. This mixture will cost from seven to eight cents 

 per gallon, and may be used on either calves or cows. One-half 

 pint of this mixture is considered enough for one application for 

 a cow; a calf, of course, would require considerably less. It 

 will be more economical to apply this only to the parts of the 

 animal not reached by the tail. At first it will perhaps be nee- 



