THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION. 189 



the fault of the party making the test. They died of blackleg. 

 You might use a foul syringe and have blood poisoning set in; 

 that infection does not come from the tuberculin unless it has 

 been exposed to the air. Never use clouded tuberculin; always 

 have your tuberculin clear. 



Member : Do you test once or twice a year ? 



Dr. Russell: If you have no tuberculosis in your herd see 

 that you do not get any. It is not necessary to test more than 

 once a year, but as a precautionary measure you ought to test 

 once a year. If you find tuberculosis do not let it go a year; 

 make a test every four or six months. Get your herd free from 

 tuberculosis. After you are certain it is free the application 

 need not be made oftener than once a year. 



Member : How can you detect the different stages ? 



Dr. Russell : It is absolutely impossible. The earlier stages 

 will give you just as strong a reaction as the more advanced 

 stages. 



Member : How is the ordinary farmer to know whether 

 the test has been properly applied? 



Dr. Russell: For the ordinary farmer to inform himself 

 through the bulletins from his experimental station how it ought 

 to be done. If his veterinary doesn't do it in the right way, jack 

 him up. 



Member: How can the disease in the skim milk be made 

 harmless ? 



Dr. Russell : By leaving your skim milk at home. Another 

 way is to heat the skim milk so you kill the germ. Keeping it 

 at a temperature of 140 degrees for ten minutes will kill the 

 germs. In some states the law requires them to pasteurize the 

 skim milk. 



Mr. Newman : I belive we have had a good discussion, and 

 I think we will have to call this meeting closed for tonight. 



