312 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



be borne in mind that in figuring the amount of milk produced 

 per acre under Systems No. i and No. 2, the cows are in each 

 case charged with only the amount of feed required to produce 

 the respective amounts of milk, and that the cows are not all 

 fed the same amount of nutrients regardless of their produc- 

 tion. 



In each system the cows are allowed to go dry 60 days, 

 which covers the time until the milk is good. To make allow- 

 ance for the nutrients required to grow the foetus, the ration as 

 figured for the last four months of milk production is continued 

 during the dry time. 



All Feed Produced on the Farm; Other Conditions. 



To put the systems on the same basis, all the feed is pro- 

 duced on the farm, and nothing but milk, old cows, and surplus 

 calves are sold. Good pure bred sires are kept and the herds 

 are made self-sustaining by raising enough heifers from the 

 best cows to keep up the milking stock. As cows will produce, 

 on the average, for six years, this means that one-sixth as many 

 heifers must be raised each year as there are cows in the herd. 

 In the calculations that follow it is figured that the feed for one 

 cow for one year will be sufficient to raise a heifer from birth 

 to freshening at 2j^ years of age. 



One-sixth of the cows in the herd are to be sold each year 

 and these would bring an average price of twenty-five dollars. 

 The surplus calves to be sold at three dollars each, for veal, 

 would number ninety per cent of the cows in the herd minus 

 heifers that must be raised to supply the herd with cows. 



No allowance is made for transporting the product. At 

 the present time milk or cream is frequently gathered by haulers, 

 but where the product is transported by the producer, the dis- 

 tance varies greatly, and it is the best for each one hauling his 

 product to make this allowance to suit the individual case. 



The farm is figured as rectangular, with the buildings cen- 

 trally located. If the farm is ill shaped, so that the work cannot 



