FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL CONVENTION 153 



stitution. Her constitution must be doubly strong, because 

 we of the north, when the cold weather of late fall comes, 

 put our cows in the barn and keep them there until along 

 in the spring, the latter part of March or April, and there 

 is not one man out of a hundred, and possibly one out of 

 a thousand, that ever stops to think whether his cow has 

 fresh or pure air to breathe, because we have not yet fig- 

 ured that fresh air and sunshine are just as essential to 

 large and profitable milk production as feed and water are. 



There are only two things I know of, that cost no more 

 now than they did before the war — sunshine and fresh air. 

 They are the only two things that I know of which we strive 

 so hard to keep out of our barns and away from our cows 

 in the winter time — sunshine and fresh air. If we would 

 just go home now and make some openings in our barn and 

 let in sufficient fresh air and sunshine for our cows, we 

 would not only increase the productivity of them but we 

 would add greatly to their healthfulness. Many of our 

 barns are veritable incubators for disease germs which are 

 the cause of tuberculosis, contagious abortions, cow pneu- 

 monia, calf scours, and such diseases. If we would just 

 give the cows the fresh air and sunshine which they need, 

 which would cost us nothing, we would get away from a 

 good many of these diseases and produce milk and butter 

 fat at a much greater profit. 



The indication of constitution is, first the large nos- 

 tril. The only thing that purifies blood is oxygen and the 

 only available oxygen is in fresh air, therefore the only 

 oxygen that gets into a cow's lungs to purify her blood 

 must pass through the nostrils. I know of no reason why 

 a fast horse should have a large nostril any more than the 

 dairy cow, because the dairy cow not only works as hard 

 as the horse, but she works twenty-four hours a day. 



In order for the cow to have a strong constitution she 

 must breathe large volumes of fresh air containing oxygen. 

 The cow with a large nostril, other things being equal, has 

 a better constitution than the cow with a small nostril. 

 This cow's nostril is not at all large, making it necessary 

 that she breathe much more rapidly than a cow with a 



