FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL CONVENTION 235 



Application of fly repellents during the summer is 

 probably of little value in keeping off warble flies. When the 

 grubs appear they cause lumps beneath the skin of the 

 back. They should be forced out by pressure beneath the 

 lump, or may be killed by forcing a little ointment, con- 

 sisting of 1 part of iodoform to^ 5 parts of vaseline, into the 

 opening of the lump. The former method is preferable, be- 

 cause it does not leave the dead grub beneath the skin. 



Lice 



The effects of lice are usually first noticed by patches 

 of hair falling out around the tail-head or the withers. Care- 

 ful examination will reveal the presence of lice. Unless 

 the lice are killed, the animal will become thin and lose 

 much of its hair. Young calves are especially affected. Lice 

 are easily destroyed by a solution of standard coal-tar creo- 

 sote stock dips. The strength of the solution as indicated 

 on the container may be followed with safety. The dipping 

 vat is the most effective means of applying the solution, but 

 is not recommended to be used in cold weather. Lice can 

 be destroyed on valuable or high-producing cows by hand 

 treatment, without resorting to the dipping vat. It is no 

 great job to go over the herd with a brush and disinfecting 

 solution. A warm day should be selected for the work. A 

 compressed-air or other type of sprayer can be used suc- 

 cessfully in applying the solution. 



Flies 



Flies are one of the greatest nuisances around a dairy; 

 house flies because they contaminate the milk, and stable 

 flies because they torment the cattle. Both are objection- 

 able in that they soil the walls and equipment. House flies 

 are not provided with biting mouth parts, but they may 

 annoy cattle by feeding on eye and other body secretions. 

 Their food is milk, soiled feed, etc. Stable flies have pierc- 

 ing mouth parts; their food is blood, and for this reason 

 they are not attracted by milk. These two kinds of flies 

 look much alike. In addition to these, there are the small 



