FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION 175 



era. As soon as the Government learned of the condition all 

 contaminated virus v^as gathered up and the supply shut off. I 

 have never heard before that any contaminated virus v^as sent 

 out after it was known the virus was contaminated. 



Mr. Mason: Even after the Government took hold of the 

 plant their virus was still distributed in this country in the hands 

 of the local veterinarians. 



Dr. Houck : There may have been some distributed before 

 the Government had time to act. I am unable to answer posi- 

 tively. 



Mr. : Didn't Parke Davis distribute some of this 



virus ? 



Dr. Houck: In 1902 Mulford & Company got some virus 

 from Japan. The outbreak of 1902 started near a vaccine fac- 

 tory in Chelsea, and it was afterwards learned this outbreak 

 came from the contaminated virus. Some of this virus was 

 bought by the Detroit firm in 1908 and used on some calves, and 

 the outbreak in Michigan in 1908 was the result. 



Mr. Jarvis : Dr. Houck, speaking of creameries infecting 

 communities, will you explain how a creamery could do that ? 



Dr. Houck : It was unfortunate in Michigan that the state 

 had no law requiring sterilization of skimmed milk before it was 

 returned to the farmers, and as a consequence, when the disease 

 broke out in this community the farmers brought milk in the 

 morning to the creamery. Several of them had the disease and 

 the milk was dumped into a tank with milk from well cows. It 

 was all run through the separator together and the skim milk 

 taken back to the farms, and we had the disease break out in 

 hogs first, and then it was transmitted to the cattle, and in that 

 way it was spread through skimmed milk. There is one cream- 

 ery that did have some sterilizing process, and for three days 

 the burner was out of order, so that thev sent the milk out raw. 



