202 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 



Loss at 4c, $51,000,000. 



The extreme difference in price was i6^ cents. The 

 creameries are bartering the same money for the i8-cent butter- 

 fat as for the 34^ -cent butter fat. This can be clone only Vy 

 paying for the good fat less than what it is worth, and for the 

 bad fat more than its value. The time when butter fat is bought 

 according to its value will mark another epoch in the rise of 

 dairying from barbarism. Figuring that 15% of the country'? 

 butter sells as extras, then it is evident that a considerable part 

 of the 85% sells for less than firsts. The margin between ex- 

 tras and firsts is about 4 cents. It is a moderate estimate to^ 

 calculate that 85% of our total make sells 4 cents below ex- 

 tras. This means that the 85^ sold for $51,000,000 less than 

 if the quality had been extras. This great loss of quality and 

 \'alue is caused by neglect. 



I have data on the percentage of acid in the cream, per- 

 centage of No. 2 cream, and maximum daily outdoor tempera- 

 ture at a certain creamery. It is situated in the Missouri Vail- 

 ley, in the same latitude as Cincinnati. The period is from 

 Sept. 4 to Dec. 31, 1914, a period of 119 days. The make is: 

 September, 368,584 pounds; October, 248,136 pounds; Novem- 

 ber, 209,623 pounds; December, 260,554 pounds. On the nth 

 of September this creamery received 32% of No. 2 cream; on 

 the 24th of November it received only 26% of No. 2 cream. 

 (See table 2.) 



Causes of Bad Cream. 



Bad cream is caused by feed, dirty milking, dirty separators 

 and high temperatures. It is not probable that the 3,000 farm- 

 ers furnishing this cream washed their separators Nov. 24, but 

 did not wash them Sept. 11, nor is it probable that the feed or 

 milking were worse Sept. 1 1 than Nov. 24. It is evident that 

 the volume was less and the weather colder in November than 

 in September. Therefore it is practically certain that in the 

 latter part of the period the cream was held longer on the farms, 

 the separators were not washed as often, there was more milk- 



