FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION 263 



chions are the most convenient. If the calf is kept tied until 

 after the grain is eaten, there is less likelihood of it forming the 

 habit of sucking other calves' ears. 



Overloading the calf's stomach in the morning and evening 

 should be avoided by feeding the roughage through the middle 

 of the day. 



Feeding Foam To Calves. 



On skim milk fresh from the separator there is alv^ays more 

 or less foam. Large quantities of this foam fed to a calf will 

 cause it to become bloated and may even cause sickness. The 

 little that the calf v^ill ordinarily receive w^ith its milk will cause 

 no trouble. 



Calf Pens and Lots. 



Dirty, muddy, or uncomfortable quarters are favorable to 

 scours. Calves should not be turned out into muddy or wet lots 

 where they will not have a dry place in which to lie. In fact 

 young calves up to three or four months of age will thrive fully 

 as well in a roomy, clean, and well-lighted stall as on pasture. 

 The young calf should be especially protected from quick 

 changes in temperature and cold drafts, which are liable to bring 

 on pneumonia. 



Vigilance on the Part of the Feeder. 



One very important rule to follow in calf feeding is to be 

 constantly on the lookout for disorders. Prevention of sickness 

 is far better than curing it. The feeder should always observe 

 the keenness of the calf's appetite and the character of the dung. 

 At the slightest hint of any disturbance the amount of milk 

 should be cut down. 



Dehorning the Calf. 



Dairy cows should be dehorned, because dehorning makes a 

 cow more docile, easier to handle and feed, and also makes it im- 



