FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 117 



It is not unreasonable to expect that the dairymen should, 

 when constructing a new barn or remodeling an old one, see to 

 it that the walls are made smooth and that the ceiling is tight. 

 The floor and the base of the walls should be constructed of con- 

 crete in order that the liquid manure may be removed. The 

 cows cannot keep themselves clean if the stall is too long or too 

 short or not high enough. Cow stalls should be so constructed 

 that the cows will lie with their heads in the manger; otherwise 

 they will be compelled to step backward before lying down. A 

 large gutter and adjustable stalls that line all the cows up to the 

 gutter are important factors in keeping the cows and floor clean. 



In Minnesota and the western states, there is an abundance 

 of straw that should be freely used in the cow stalls. It makes 

 for clean milk, clean, contented cows, clean floors, and the sav- 

 ing of the liquid manure. The manure should be removed from 

 the barn daily and the manger kept clean. Cobwebs should be 

 swept down and bespattered walls washed. No manure should 

 be placed against the barn or where the cows will be compelled 

 to wade through it in going to and from the barn. Even when 

 the cows live out of doors in summer, and are in the barn only 

 at milking time, failure to clean the floor and gutter regularly 

 will result in foul odors. During the summer months cows 

 should not be kept in the barnyard over night. They should 

 have a clean place to lie. Daily grooming of cows, when stabled, 

 with curry comb and. brush insures cleaner milk and more of it. 

 It pays in dollars and cents. 



It Is Not Difficult To Produce Clean Milk and Cream 



Milking must be carefully done. Use a good strainer, be- 

 cause it will tell you whether the milk in your pail is clean or 

 dirty. Milk will not be clean unless some care is taken to pre- 

 vent it from getting dirty. Most dairymen produce clean milk 

 and cream, and others can without increasing the cost of produc- 

 tion. Milk regularly. The milker's hands should be dry and he 

 should wear clean clothes. It is a good plan to have water and 

 a clean towel in the barn so that milkers can keep their hands 

 clean. 



