294 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



it was built. Plenty of room for the workers in the creamery 

 economizes on labor. 



Foundations. 



It is never advisable to start a building during cold weather, 

 as there is sure to be some defect in the building or floor if 

 the work is done when there is frost in the ground. It is best 

 to have the foundations deep enough in the ground, so that the 

 frost cannot get under them; especially is this true with a brick 

 or concrete building because if the foundation is affected by 

 the frost it is liable to crack the walls, or otherwise weaken 

 the structure. 



It is not necessary to have the foundations as deep in the 

 ground on the east and south sides, as it will not freeze nearly 

 as deep on these sides as it does on the north and west. The 

 foundations on the north and west sides should be built six to 

 eight feet into the ground, while on the south and east sides, 

 four to five feet deep will be sufficient. 



Either rock or concrete may be used for foundations, and 

 the comparative cost should be considered when deciding what 

 material to use. 



The thickness of the foundation wall will vary from 12 to 

 24 in. depending on the condition of the ground, and kind of 

 material used in building. If the foundation is laid on a solid 

 clay bottom, the wall does not have to be so thick, while if it is 

 laid on sand, loam or soft ground, it requires a considerable 

 wider foundation to carry the building. When a brick or con- 

 crete building is built, a thicker and stronger foundation is need- 

 ed than when a frame building is built, as the weight that 

 has to be carried is much greater. 



Floors. 



The best material for creamery or cheese factory floors is 

 cement or sawed stone ; either of these make good floors if prop- 

 erly laid. The cost of either will vary according to the distance 

 the stone has to be shipped, or the distance the sand and gravel 

 must be hauled. 



