THIRTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONVENTION 299 



that the tank must be large enough to hold several clays' sewage, 

 otherwise there cannot be any bacterial action take place. 



When a creamery decides to put in a septic tank, an esti- 

 mate should first be made as to how large a tank will be needed 

 to hold the sewage for at least one week; then two drains 

 should be provided from the churn room; one to take care of 

 all clean water, and the other to lead the sewage into the septic 

 tank. The clean water should be tiled around the septic tank. 

 If this is not done the results will not be satisfactory, as the 

 water will thin down the sewage to such an extent that bacterial 

 action is out of the question. 



It is important that nothing is allowed to get into the septic 

 tank that will in any way retard the action of the bacteria. For 

 instance, sulphuric acid should never be run through the sewer 

 and into the septic tank, as this is sure to cause trouble. As 

 a general thing, it has been found that if a filter bed is used 

 in connection with the septic tank, the results obtained are more 

 satisfactory. A filter bed can be made by digging a hole in the 

 ground close to the outlet from the septic tank. Such a hole 

 should be large enough to hold fifty or more loads of gravel; 

 then by running the sewage from the tank into the gravel bed, 

 it would necessarily be purified to a greater or- less extent. 



The most satisfactory results can no doubt be obtained where 

 a cess-pool dug in a bed of gravel can be used in connection 

 with the septic tank. The sewage can then be run from the 

 septic tank and into the cess-pool and it will seep away in the 

 gravel without being exposed to the air; and if the cess-pool is 

 kept tightly covered there can not possibly be any odor from it. 



It will readily be seen that the success attained by the use 

 of a septic tank depends largely on the man in charge of the 

 creamery. If he will give it some attention and use a little 

 judgment in operating it, it is reasonable to expect quite sat- 

 isfactory results from its use. 



Creamery Refrigeration. 



Considering the amount of money, time and energy spent 

 on improving the process of manufacturing butter, it is really a 



